BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mostly occurs due to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells autoimmune processes. Diagnosis T1D can be established by examining c-peptide levels and markers autoantibodies, including glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies (GAD-65). However, association between anti-GAD-65 toward patients’ clinical manifestations needs further explored. Hence, aim curre...

BACKGROUND Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) can affect patients of all ages, most epidemiological studies of T1D focus on disease forms with clinical diagnosis during childhood and adolescence. Clinically, adult T1D is difficult to discriminate from certain forms of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and from Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA). METHODS A systematic review of the literature was perf...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The goal of this study was to identify novel protein signatures that distinguish Islets from patients with T1D, patients who are autoantibody positive without symptoms of diabetes, and from individuals with no evidence of disease. High resolution hi...

Autoreactive CD4+ T cells initiate the chronic autoimmune disease Type-1 diabetes (T1D), in which multiple environmental and genetic factors are involved. The association of HLA, especially the DR-DQ loci, with risk for T1D is well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, we explore the structural characteristics of HLA-DQ and the role of HLA-DM funct...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the result of an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The cellular and molecular defects that cause the disease remain unknown. Pluripotent cells generated from patients with T1D would be useful for disease modeling. We show here that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be generated from patients with T1D by reprogramming their adult fibroblasts with th...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune attack of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells. T1D autoimmunity is associated with particular MHC or HLA types in mouse or humans. T1D autoimmunity arises from defects in both central negative selection and peripheral regulation of autoreactive T cells as well as intrinsic defects of B cells. Current therapies that target at improving periphe...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell mediated self-destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. T1D patients are prone to develop other glandular autoimmune disorders, such as autoimmune thyroid disease that occurs simultaneously with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type III (APSIII). Signal transducer and activator of tra...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is also named insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Because T1D is more frequently seen in children, it is also called juvenile diabetes. Currently the standard treatment for T1D is the daily use of exogenous insulin. Because of the poor compliance with insulin use, T1D patients often suffer from hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia (1; 2). In addition, T1D patients are at high ri...

Corresponding author: Byung Wan Lee Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea E-mail: [email protected] Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by interactions of genetic predisposition, immunologic triggers, and environmental events leading to autoimmune-mediated pancreatic β-cell destruction and insulin deficiency, although ...

PURPOSE To understand the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D), we explored the relationship between SES and major diabetes complications in a prospective, observational T1D cohort study. METHODS Complete data were available for 317 T1D persons within 4 years of age 28 (ages 24-32) in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications S...