The instability even collapse of tunnel would occur during the construction in soft ground. A collapse of expressway tunnel which suddenly encountered soft ground took place just after completing the anchor bolts was investigated as the study background. Based on the plastic and damage constitutive laws, the numerical method of finite element was funded for analyzing the failure mechanism of an...

The transport network in many countries relies on extended portions which run underground in tunnels. As tunnels age, repairs are required to prevent dangerous collapses. However repairs are expensive and will affect the operational efficiency of the tunnel. We present a decision support system (DSS) based on supervised machine learning methods that learns to predict the risk factor and the res...

The historical but questionable size-distance invariance hypothesis (SDIH) features computation over geometric, oculomotor, and binocular cues and the coupling of percepts-perceived size, S', is mediated by perceived distance, D'. A contemporary non-mediational hypothesis holds that S' and D' are specific to distinct optical variables. We report two experiments with an optical tunnel, an arrang...

The TolC channel-tunnel spans the bacterial outer membrane and periplasm, providing a large exit duct for protein export and multidrug efflux when recruited by substrate-engaged inner membrane complexes. The sole constriction in the single pore of the homotrimeric TolC is the periplasmic tunnel entrance, which in its resting configuration is closed by dense packing of the 12 tunnel-forming alph...

Nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. In some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. Theref...

A 15by 15-cm supersonic wind tunnel application of a one-dimensional laser beam scanning approach to shock sensing is presented. The measurement system design allowed easy switching between a focused beam and a laser sheet mode for comparison purposes. The scanning results were compared to images from the tunnel Schlieren imaging system. The tests revealed detectable changes in the laser beam i...

Using Hirasawa-Murasugi’s classification of fibered Montesinos knots we classify the L-space Montesinos knots, providing further evidence towards a conjecture of Lidman-Moore that L-space knots have no essential Conway spheres. In the process, we classify the fibered Montesinos knots whose open books support the tight contact structure on S. We also construct L-space knots with arbitrarily larg...

OBJECTIVE We investigated the influence of ongoing task display "compellingness" on attention allocation patterns and assessed its interaction with interrupting task salience and importance. BACKGROUND There are some concerns that the compellingness of flight deck tunnel displays renders the task they support more resistant to interruptions, thus preventing the pilot from noticing cues signal...

The heterodimeric carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) from Escherichia coli catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from bicarbonate, glutamine, and two molecules of ATP. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine within the small amidotransferase subunit and then transfers ammonia to the two active sites within the large subunit. These three active sites are connected via an inte...

A utility tunnel is defined as an underground structure containing one or more utilities, permitting the installation, maintenance and removal of the systems without the necessity of making street cuts or excavations. These underground facilities contain all essential utilities serving large urban areas collected together in a tunnel; therefore they are an inviting target for sabotage or vandal...