tuberculosis is a continuous threat for health in all parts of the world. an estimated one-third of the world, s population is infected with the mycobacterium tuberculosis and 7 to 8 million people develop tb disease each year. the purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of tuberculosis in the townships of yazd province, iran. during the study period (1997-1999), 3885 suspected tuberc...

Background: Lower lung field tuberculosis is atypical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis which often causes confusion in diagnosis. HIV/AIDS epidemic has considerably increased its incidence. This study was designed to identify the prevalence and different clinical conditions of lung tuberculosis in conjunction with its common clinical and radiological presentations and its treatment. Metho...

To compare clinical (non-invasive) diagnosis with bronchoscopic (invasive) diagnosis, a total of 50 patients with chronic pneumonia (sputum smear-negative for tuberculosis) were examined. Age range was 12-82 years. Sensitivity of clinical diagnosis was 100% for tuberculosis and 81.8% for lung cancer; specificity was 67.5% for tuberculosis and 89.7% for lung cancer. Clinical diagnosis was correc...

Objectives: Sputum acid-fact bacilli (AFB) and Xpert examinations are the most commonly used methods in early diagnosis for pulmonary tuberculosis. It becomes difficult clinician to initiate treatment patients with negative sputum smear at stage of diagnosis. Waiting culture results causes delay increases risk disease transmission. We aimed investigate contribution bronchoscopic lavage (BL) obt...

Any patient with bilateral lymphadenopathy especially in Indian subcontinent is regarded as suffering from tuberculosis unless proved otherwise. This sometimes leads to unwarranted delay in correct diagnosis and management if there is ignorance regarding other rarer etiologies. Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD) may present in the same manner and should always be kept on the back of the mind to help a...

Tuberculosis (TB) global prevalence remains almost unchanged over the past few decades. Though genitourinary tract tuberculosis is common, it is rarely associated with scrotal fistula. We present  a rare case of advanced tuberculous epididymo-orchitis (TBEO) which culminated in removing the testis. Before final diagnosis is made, it was unresponsive to empirical therapy of bacterial epididymo-o...

One of the significant problems in pediatrics remains tuberculosis children and adolescents. Particular attention verification radiological syndrome, as a “rounded” shadow, is given to tuberculosis. This not always justified. Echinococcosis parasitic disease cyclic nature, affecting vital organs, including lungs. manifestations echinococcosis lungs rounded shadow which requires multidisciplinar...

Congenital tuberculosis is defined as infection developing as a result of the encounter between the infant and Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli during the intrauterine period or during normal birth. Although tuberculosis infection is very common all over the world congenital tuberculosis cases are rare and mortalities of 50% have been reported. Non-specific symptoms in congenital tuberculosis...

Tuberculosis of the extra-oral region is uncommon and is rarely primary. Extra-oral involvement of the cheek in the absence of tuberculosis elsewhere in the body is rare. To the best of our knowledge, we report here the first case of primary tuberculosis of the cheek in a 31-year-old male presenting as a nodular swelling of the cheek. Previous reported cases of extra-oral involvement of the che...

BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones are widely used to treat routine bacterial infections, but they are also potential first-line antituberculosis agents. Empirical fluoroquinolone therapy can delay the diagnosis of tuberculosis and cause resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rates of fluoroquinolone exposure before tuberculosis diagnosis and the impact of fluoroquinolones on culture-negative tuber...