Inundation depth is commonly used as an intensity measure in tsunami fragility analysis. However, inundation depth cannot be taken as the sole representation of tsunami impact on structures, especially when structural damage is caused by hydrodynamic and debris impact forces that are mainly determined by flow velocity. To reflect the influence of flow velocity in addition to inundation depth in...

The eruption of the Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia, on 22 December 2018 induced a destructive tsunami (the Sunda Strait tsunami), which was recorded by four nearby tidal gauges. In this study we invert records and recover generation process. Two sources are obtained, static one instant initial water elevation time-dependent accounting for continuous evolution height. results found to reproduc...

Recent development of numerical modeling of tsunami and remote sensing technologies enable us to determine the detailed features of tsunami damage. Numerical model with high-accuracy and high-resolution bathymetry/topography grid predicts the local hydrodynamic features of tsunami, such as inundation depth and current velocity. Also, high-resolution satellite imagery provides detailed informati...

This study develops a novel simulation-based procedure for the estimation of the likelihood that seismic intensity (in terms of spectral acceleration) and tsunami inundation (in terms of wave height), at a particular location, will exceed given hazard levels. The procedure accounts for a common physical rupture process for shaking and tsunami. Numerous realizations of stochastic slip distributi...

High-frequency (HF) surface wave radars provide a unique capability to detect targets far beyond the conventional microwave radar coverage but also could contribute to the development and improvement of Tsunami Early Warning Systems. The HF radar system WERA is an oceanographic radar placed at the coast and providing simultaneous wide area measurements of ocean surface current fields and sea st...

A tsunami warning center must be able to process and analyze seismic and sea level data to detect the occurrence of a tsunami and forecast its impact (Figure 5-1). National Tsunami Warning Centers (NTWC) and Regional Tsunami Watch Providers (RTWP) require a variety of hardware, software, computer applications and programs, and communication capabilities to support and maintain tsunami detection...

In the past few years we have unfortunately had several reminders of the ability of a particular type of ocean wave--a tsunami--to devastate coastal areas. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, in particular, was one of the largest natural disasters of past decades in terms of the number of people killed. The name of this phenomenon, tsunami, is possibly the only term that has entered the physics l...

The December 26, 2004 tsunami is one of the most devastating tsunami in recorded history. It was generated in the Indian Ocean off the western coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia at 0:58:53 (GMT) by one of the largest earthquake of the century with a moment magnitude of Mw = 9.3. In the study, we focus on a best-fitted tsunami source for tsunami modeling based on geophysical and seismological ...

This paper describes the development of a boundary fitted nested grid (BFNG) model to compute tsunami propagation of 2004 Indonesian tsunami in Southern Thailand coastal waters. We develop a numerical model employing the shallow water nested model and an orthogonal boundary fitted grid to investigate the tsunami impact on the Southern Thailand due to the Indonesian tsunami of 2004. Comparisons ...

Abstract Tsunami disasters are predicted to occur in the West Sumatra region due earthquakes. To deal with tsunami hazard that will hit Padang City, government has built several shelters and evacuation routes. At present, number of facilities is still limited, this cause community vulnerability facing hazards. overcome vulnerable condition, it necessary determine needed accommodate evacuees. In...