We study the complexity of computation of a tropical Schur polynomial Tsλ where λ is a partition, and of a tropical polynomial Tmλ obtained by the tropicalization of the monomial symmetric function mλ. Then Tsλ and Tmλ coincide as tropical functions (so, as convex piece-wise linear functions), while differ as tropical polynomials. We prove the following bounds on the complexity of computing ove...

Tropical curves and metric graphs by Melody Tung Chan Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics University of California, BERKELEY Professor Bernd Sturmfels, Chair In just ten years, tropical geometry has established itself as an important new field bridging algebraic geometry and combinatorics whose techniques have been used to attack problems in both fields. It also has important connections to are...

In classical geometry, a linear space is a space that is closed under linear combinations. In tropical geometry, it has long been a consensus that tropical varieties defined by valuated matroids are the tropical analogue of linear spaces. It is not difficult to see that each such space is tropically convex, i.e. closed under tropical linear combinations. However, we will also show that the conv...

gonu storm was formed in tropical basin of indian ocean early in june 2007. gonu is the strongest tropical cyclone that happened in arabian sea and north indian ocean and moved toward oman sea and persian gulf and bouncing the lands around the area. this tropical cyclone made extensive damages and human and financial causalities to countries of oman, iran, afghanistan, pakistan, and india. in t...

Aim According to the World Health Organization (WHO), communicable tropical and sub-tropical diseases occur solely, or mainly in the tropics, thriving in hot, and humid conditions. Some of these disorders termed as neglected tropical diseases are particularly overlooked. Communicable tropical/sub-tropical diseases represent a diverse group of communicable disorders occurring in 149 countries, f...

Current research efforts to understand the relative invasibility of different plant communities have mostly ignored tropical forests. Only a few studies have treated invasive species in tropical forests, and recent worldwide analyses have not provided clear predictions concerning the relative invasibility of tropical forests. In this review, the extent to which exotic species have invaded tropi...

1 BasicNeeds Policy and Practice Directorate, Bangalore, India, 2 BasicNeeds UK, Leamington Spa, United Kingdom, 3 Livelihoods Education and Development Society (LEADS), Pokhara, Nepal, 4 BasicNeeds Policy and Practice Directorate, Oakland, California, United States of America, 5 Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdo...

1 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 2 Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, 3 George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, 4 Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, 5 The World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, United...

1 School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2 Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, 3 School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4 O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America, 5 European Observator...