From the published data, the present mini-review attempts to answer two fundamental questions about the gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. In addition, it extrapolates the findings to other cancers that produce small amounts of hCG and how a novel therapies could be developed.

Placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT) is a rare form of trophoblastic disease accounting for < 2% of all gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. Most of the cases follow a normal pregnancy and a small number have a preceeding molar pregnancy or spontaneous abortion. It can occur as early as several weeks or as late as 15 years after normal delivery, molar pregnancy or abortion. Excessive inte...

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a rare gestational trophoblastic neoplasm of chorionic-type intermediate trophoblasts, and it is most frequently located in the lower uterine segment and endocervix. Due to the epithelial-growth pattern with geographic necrosis exhibited by the neoplastic cells, ETT is commonly confused, both clinically and pathologically, with squamous cell carcinoma. A...

Choriocarcinoma (CC) is a malignant tumor of trophoblastic tissue composed cytotrophoblastic, intermediate and syncytiotrophoblast cells. predominantly has gestational origin. The non-gestational type said to arise from the gonads pluripotent germ It rapidly invasive metastasizes widely, but it good response chemotherapy once identified. Metastatic choriocarcinoma are extremely rare in breast. ...

We report the chromosomal characteristics of a recurrent pineal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor in a 16-year-old male patient. This non-seminomatous tumor had the following components: embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and trophoblastic giant cells. Chromosome analysis showed a near-triploid karyotype (64 chromosomes), including two copies of an isochromosome 12p. This latter find...

BACKGROUND Finding a tumor marker to predict the aggressive behavior of molar pregnancy in early stages has yet been a topic for studies. OBJECTIVES In this survey we planned to study patients with molar pregnancy to 1) assess the p53 and c-erbB-2 expression in trophoblastic tissue, 2) to study the relationship between their expression intensity and progression of a molar pregnancy to gestati...

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common complication that follows all types of operative procedures. These infections are usually caused by the exogenous and endogenous microorganisms that enter the operative wound during the course of surgery. The general and procedure-specific risk factors for the development of SSI have been identified and are discussed in this article. Factors that inf...

•Rare case of PSTT limited to the vagina presenting eight years after last pregnancy and four years after hysterectomy•Differential diagnosis with other vaginal tumors can be challenging but it is critical because behavior and management are different.•Stage-adapted management is proposed and surgery is the mainstay treatment for localized disease.