In final form 30 May 2007 © 2007 American Meteorological Society he global hydrological cycle is central to Earth’s climate system, with rainfall and the physics of precipitation formation acting as the key links in the cycle. Two-thirds of global rainfall occurs in the Tropics with the associated latent heat (LH) release accounting for three-fourths of the total heat energy available to Earth’...

Abstruct-The Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) is designed to measure backscatter from rain in order to map the ;mount and extent of rain in the tropical regions. The TRMM F'R also measures the normalized radar cross section (a") of the surface at a nominal resolution of approximately 4.4 km over an incidence range of 018". The Kuband NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) mad...

We compared primary and secondary structures of V4 (helices E23-2 to E23-5) and V7 (helix 43) regions of 18S rRNAs in insects and the other three major arthropod groups (crustaceans, myriapods, and chelicerates) known so far. We found that the lengths of primary sequences and the shapes of secondary structures of these two hypervariable regions of insect 18S rRNA even at infraclass levels are p...

We present a cancer nanomedicine based on acidic pH targeted gold nanorods designed for multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). We have designed gold nanorods coated with mesoporous silica and subsequently capped with chitosan (CMGs). We have conjugated pH-sensitive variant 7 pHLIP peptide to the CMGs (V7-CMG) to provide targeting specificity to the acidic tumor microenvironment. In vitro...

Satellite-based precipitation monitoring at high spatial resolution is crucial for assessing the water and energy cycles at the global and regional scale. Based on the recently released 7th version of the Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) product of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and the monthly precipitation data (3B43) are evaluated using observed monthly precipit...

Accurate rainfall estimations based on ground-based rainfall observations and satellite-based rainfall measurements are essential for hydrological and environmental modeling in the Qaidam Basin of China. We evaluated the accuracy of daily and monthly scale Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall products in the Qaidam Basin. A Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was used to est...

As the successor of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission significantly improves the spatial resolution of precipitation estimates from 0.25 ̋ to 0.1 ̋. The present study analyzed the error structures of Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) monthly precipitation products over Mainland China from March 2014 to February 20...

Abstract Background To evaluate the predictive value of AR-V7 expression detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) in prognosis prostate cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) following radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods We retrospectively collected data 110 with RP, followed AHT, from Tongji hospital. IHC analysis was performed a retrospective cohort. Results In total, were enr...

BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common, chronic progressive disease. Inflammation is associated with prostatic enlargement and resistance to 5α-reductase inhibitor (5ARI) therapy. Activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is linked to both inflammation and ligand-independent prostate cancer progression. METHODS NF-κB activation and androgen receptor variant (...

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Alternative splicing of the AR to generate constitutively active, ligand-independent variants is one of the principal mechanisms that promote the development of resistance to next-generation antiandrogens such as enzalutamide. Here, we demonstrate that the splicing factor heterogeneous nuclear RNA...