By inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase, sulfonamides and trimethoprim inhibit the synthesis of folate coenzymes and thereby affect the central pathway of the metabolism of C1 compounds (25). The sub-MIC of trimethoprim was shown to reduce the fimbriation, hemagglutination, and epithelial cell adhesion of several Escherichia coli strains (49, 55, 61) through the inh...

1. Trimethoprim is a diaminopyrimidine antimicrobial agent which is effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. In veterinary medicine, trimethoprim is commonly used in combination with a sulphonamide in a concentration ratio of 1:5. It is administered orally, as a bolus, paste or in the drinking water or feed to calves, pigs, horses, poultry and fish (5 mg/kg b...

During the inhibition of RC(str), but not RC(rel) mutants of Escherichia coli by trimethoprim the unusual nucleotides MSI (guanosine tetraphosphate, ppGpp) and MSII rapidly accumulated. The production of these nucleotides was not dependent on the addition of nucleotide base supplements to RC(str) cultures before trimethoprim, and the MSI nucleotide concentrations in non-supplemented or purine-s...

Two types of transmissible plasmids which encode resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were found among five animal isolates of Salmonella krefeld. This is the first report of plasmid-mediated resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Salmonella strains isolated in the United States.

Broiler breeder farms could be a reservoir of Escherichia coli, disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. We investigated the E. coli from nine broiler characterised their genes. A total 256 showed high level to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, cephalothin, followed by trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole chloramphenicol. The trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol ...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has reached epidemic proportions, and therapeutic options are limited because these strains are often multidrug resistant. However, the new strains of community-acquired MRSA show decreased resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Clinical and experimental reports show a mixture of successes and failures with trimethoprim-sulfamet...

Fifty-four college women with symptoms of lower urinary tract infections were randomly treated, 25 with 500 mg of ceftriaxone in a single intramuscular dose and 29 with 160 mg of trimethoprim-800 mg of sulfamethoxazole orally twice daily for 7 days. At 1 week after treatment, 23 patients (92%) in the ceftriaxone group and 28 patients (96%) in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group were cured. ...

The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Bristol from primary skin sepsis and nasal carriers outside hospital was recorded between 1949 and 1969. The proportion of penicillinase-forming strains rose to about 60% but resistance to other antibiotics remained un-common except for a peak about 1957, due to the spread of multiresistant phage-type 80 staphylococci. Reasons are d...

Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the use of the antifolate antibiotic trimethoprim during the 12 weeks before conception was associated with congenital malformations. Methods. We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study including all Danish women giving birth from 1997 to 2004. All women with at least one prescription of trimethoprim dispensed during the 12 ...