For a soil that is contractive and strain softening at fully saturated conditions the question remains on which degree of saturation can trigger response. A common engineering practice to adopt threshold (e.g., 85%) then assume response when above value. This study aims understand how change tailings are not propose systematic method for determining threshold. restraint preparing unsaturated lo...

Sand liquefaction triggered by earthquakes is a devastating geological disaster and has emerged as an engaging topic in earthquake engineering. With enhanced understanding of pure sand promoted laboratory research, there growing concern, following filed investigations, over the influence fine particles on potential containing inclusions. Efforts have been devoted to clarifying significance cert...