The development of intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia/hypertrophy during nematode infection involves the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 via STAT6 activation. This is thought to play an important role in host protective immunity against the infection. In this study we demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 up-regulate the specific goblet cell product trefoil factor-3 (TFF3) from the mucus-producing HT-29...

purpose: to investigate the effects of surface ablation excimer surgery on higher-order aberrations and to assess the safety and efficacy of wavefront-guided surface ablation excimer surgery in patients with hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. methods: in this analytical & descriptive study, wavefront-guided surface ablation excimer surgery was performed in 58 eyes of 31 patients with hyperopi...

Aim. Recombinant human trefoil factor 3 (intestinal trefoil factor) has been suggested to be partially protective against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but the mechanisms of this protection have not been defined. We investigated whether the protective effects of rhTFF3 are the result of an anti-inflammatory response. Methods. The rats were killed on day 4, the distal ileum was harvested for ...

The macrophage and epithelial cell mannose receptor (MR) binds carbohydrates on foreign and host molecules. Two portions of MR recognize carbohydrates: tandemly arranged C-type lectin domains facilitate carbohydrate-dependent macrophage uptake of infectious organisms, and the NH(2)-terminal cysteine-rich domain (Cys-MR) binds to sulfated glycoproteins including pituitary hormones. To elucidate ...

It is known that the 3-manifold SL(2,Z)\ SL(2,R) is diffeomorphic to the complement of the trefoil knot in S. E. Ghys showed that the linking number of this trefoil knot with a modular knot is given by the Rademacher symbol, which is a homogenization of the classical Dedekind symbol. The Dedekind symbol arose historically in the transformation formula of the logarithm of Dedekind’s eta function...

It is known that the 3-manifold SL(2,Z)\ SL(2,R) is diffeomorhic to the complement of the trefoil knot in S3. As is shown by E. Ghys the linking number of the trefoil with a modular knot associated to a hyperbolic conjugacy is related to the classical Dedekind symbol. These symbols arose historically in the transformation property of the logarithm of Dedekind’s eta function. In this paper we st...

The reaction of cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2(cis-DDP)-closed circular DNA adducts with DNA topoisomerse I(topo I) were studied by electron microscopy. We identified unique topoisomers such as a singly-linked catenane (2(1)2), trefoil (3(1), and dimetric catenane (2(1)2), etc., by analysis with electron micrographs. These unique recombination products resulted from cis-DDP-intra-twisting looped DNA adducts b...

We report the stereoselective synthesis of a left-handed trefoil knot from a tris(2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide) oligomer with six chiral centers using a lanthanide(III) ion template. The oligomer folds around the lanthanide ion to form an overhand knot complex of single handedness. Subsequent joining of the overhand knot end groups by ring-closing olefin metathesis affords a single enantiomer of t...