Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is one of the most commercially important fish species in the Caspian Sea, but there are few reports about the endocrinology of induced spawning in this fish. In the present study, 54 individuals of female broodstocks of Kutum were studied for quantity and quality of propagation index, during March and April 2007. Hormone treatments include: LHRH-A2 (1 ?g kg...

accumulation of soft tissue or dentinal remnants in the apical region is a common event that can cause blockage of root canals. this event can be avoided if apical patency is performed during the root canal shaping procedures. however, there is no consensus on the role of apical patency in relation to the success of endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis. therefore, th...

background and aims. trauma is one of the major factors associated with temporomandibular joint disorders (tmd). these disorders result from macro-trauma or micro-trauma. macro-trauma might be iatrogenic; for example, from intubation procedures, third molar extraction procedures, and lengthy dental appointments. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lengthy root canal therapy (mor...

Objective: The usage of pesticides has increased during the recent years. One the other hand, presence of harmful pesticides residue in rice and other food has caused a great concern among the consumers. Therefore, it is important to develop some pragmatic procedures to increase the food safety along with the reduction in consumption of pesticide residues. Methods: A gas chromatograph with elec...

Response-adaptive randomization procedures are appropriate for clinical trials in which two or more treatments are to be compared, patients arrive sequentially and the response of each patient is recorded before the next patient arrives. However, for those procedures that involve sequential estimation of model parameters, start-up designs are commonly required in order to provide initial estima...

introduction: rapid diagnosis of traumatic intrathoracic injuries leads to improvement in patient management. this study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of chest radiography (cxr) in comparison to chest computed tomography (ct) scan in diagnosis of traumatic intrathoracic injuries. methods: participants of this prospective diagnostic accuracy study included multiple trauma patient...

In this paper the problem of comparing several treatments with a control in a one-way repeated measures design is considered. Multiple testing procedures based on rank transformation data are proposed for determining which treatments are more effective than the control. The results of a Monte Carlo level and power study are presented.

This article describes the different materials and techniques that are used for adhesive cementation. Particular attention is given to treatments suitable for dentin, as well as the selection of surface treatments for various restorative materials. Factors related to the durability and stability of the adhesive process, as well as the clinical and laboratory procedures required for cementation,...

The objective of many animal experiments is to detect meaningful relationships among treatments and associated responses. Types of comparisons of means include pairwise multiple comparisons, planned orthogonal or nonorthogonal contrasts, and orthogonal polynomials. Some procedures are appropriate only for specific types of treatment designs and specific types of objectives. Pairwise, multiple c...

Chronic pancreatitis can give rise to relapsing episodic or persistent upper abdominal pain (Frulloni et al., 2010). Apart from the derangement of endocrine and exocrine functions, it can cause local complications such as pancreatic ductal stenosis, formation of intraductal stones and development of pseudocysts (Strobel et al., 2009). Management of these complications can be challenging in some...