introduction nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah) is characterized by sufficient cortisol and aldosterone production at the cost of androgen overproduction. hydrocortisone or dexamethasone in supraphysiological doses are current treatment; however, their downside is suppression of endogenous cortisol production resulting in corticosteroid dependency. we aimed to treat children with...

background polymorphisms in the interferon λ (inf λ) genes on chromosome 19 have been associated with clearance of hepatitis c virus (hcv) induced by interferon and ribavirin therapy however there is no such data available for pakistani patients with hcv infection. objectives in this study, the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have been investigated in response to treatment wit...

introduction vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of the skin and has significant harmful effects on the appearance and consequently social functions of the patients. there is no universally effective treatment for this disease, but topical steroids and levamisole have been used. this study evaluates the effects of levamisole and clobetasol with that of clobetasol in the treatment of vit...

Background This prospective study was designed to examine the role of fibrosis staging on selection and success of treatment options for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Materials and Methods The project was conducted on 110 selected AIH patients who, based on the results of liver biopsy, had been assigned into one of the three groups (mild, stages 1 and 2, moderate, stages 3 and 4, and severe, stag...

background: colorectal cancer is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. it has been suggested that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (timp-1) plays a particular role in cancer promotion. the objective of the present study was to compare the effect of repeated measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and timp-1 plasma levels in a follow-up response t...

hemorrhoid is one of the most common surgical diseases and different methods are available for its treatment. this study is a comparison between two methods of treatment of internal hemorrhoid, monopolar low voltage instrument (ultroid) and rubber band ligation. this method has been carried out prospectively in which 50 patients who were treated with rubber band ligation and 50 patients with ul...

introduction: oral premalignant lesions are conditions having high potential tendency for transformation into malignancy. the use of a conservative and effective treatment modality is one of the best strategies for cancer prevention. photodynamic therapy (pdt) is a non-invasive method for topical and selective treatment of oral precancerous lesions. the present study was taken up to determine t...