This chapter seeks to achieve three things, in decreasing order of importance: (1) To point out the basic phenomenon, i.e., the prematurity of many crime prevention effects relative to the point at which they would occur if they were the product of their presumed mechanism. This is termed anticipatory benefits. (2) To trawl published literature for instances of possible and probable anticipator...

  This study aimed to design a bycatch reduction device (BRD) for shrimp beam trawl, which is manufactured by flexible materials to reduce bycatch for the gear in the South Sea of Korea. The model test was carried out to understand the shape of the gear in the water and to measure the variation of flow speed due to the BRD in a circulating water channel. Catches were compared between a shrimp b...

New sampling designs for the Autumn Portuguese bottom trawl survey (ptBTS) were investigated to explore alternative spatial configurations and possible increments on sample size. The currently used stratified random design and five proposals of systematic based designs were assessed by a simulation study, adopting a geostatistical approach based on likelihood methods of inference. The construct...

Around Scotland, coastal stocks of the commercially important Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), particularly those within the Clyde Sea Area (CSA), have for some years been known to be infected by syndiniid dinoflagellate endoparasites of the genus Hematodinium. The prevalences of infected Norway lobsters in trawl samples from the CSA are reported for 1992–1995, together with similar data f...

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is an abundant fishery resource, the harvest levels of which are expected to increase. However, many of the length classes of krill can escape through commonly used commercial trawl mesh sizes. A vital component of the overall management of a fishery is to estimate the total fishing mortality and quantify the mortality rate of individuals that escape from fis...

Identification of different species of oceanic and neritic squids in Iranian waters of Oman Sea was carried out from December 1996 to February 1997. The trawl surveys were conducted during a 12-months period. Fishing was also undertaken by Mid-water and bottom trawl for species confirmation purposes in deep (200-350m) and shallow (0-100m) waters to collect enough specimens that could be used fo...