BACKGROUND The WHO International Classification of Diseases, 11th version (ICD-11), has proposed two related diagnoses, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD within the spectrum of trauma and stress-related disorders. OBJECTIVE To use latent profile analysis (LPA) to determine whether there are classes of individuals that are distinguishable according to the PTSD and complex P...

Abstract Purpose of Review Alcohol and Addiction Research Domain Criteria (AARDoC) is a transdiagnostic, circuits-based framework for studying addictive behaviors. We examined parallels in individual differences that might increase susceptibility to FA other disorders using the following units analysis AARDoC domains: craving, relative reinforcing value food attention bias incentive salience do...

BACKGROUND Interpersonal trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders in people with severe mental illness (SMI) are often not recognized in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To substantiate the prevalence of interpersonal trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders in people with SMI. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of four databases (1980-2010) and then described and analysed 33 stud...

Blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been unfortunately common in veterans who served in the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The postconcussion syndrome associated with these mTBIs has frequently appeared in combination with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The presence of PTSD has complicated diagnosis, since clinically, PTSD and the postconcussion syndrome of m...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease whose etiology has not been fully understood yet in detail. Empirical findings show how psychosocial symptoms are very important features of the clinical presentation of MS, having a deep impact on patient's quality of life, and thus psychological coping strategies may play a central role in reducing the burden of the disease and improvi...

There is a growing body of evidence that excess lipids, hypoxic stress and other inflammatory signals can stimulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic diseases. However, the pathophysiological importance and the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. The current study investigated that 50 ng/ml oxidized LDL promoted unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress in ...

Stress e the physiological response to an environmental challenge is now a fundamental scientific, clinical and societal concept, which serves as testimony to the importance of its initial description by Hans Selye some 80 years ago (Fink, 2016; Selye, 1936). Whilst the stress response (and related states such as emotionality and arousal) is typically the focus of attention, in the present spec...

Early-life trauma can increase the risk for, and severity of, several psychiatric illnesses. These include drug use disorders, and some correlations appear to be stronger in women. Understanding the long-term consequences of developmental stressor or stress hormone exposure and possible sex differences is critically important. So-called "reversal learning" tasks are commonly used in rodents to ...