This article addresses Central American climate migration from a human, gender, and environmental (HUGE security) approach. It examines documents, government reports, press publications, international national statistical data, interviews to establish complex interrelationships between migration, disasters, poverty, pandemic, survival dilemma. Militarized borders, pressure the U.S. government, ...

The paper investigates the link between organized crime and municipal solid waste management costs. Using a panel dataset of 7069 Italian municipalities in 2015–19 period, we find that operating environmental sector is associated with an increase effect stronger macro-regions where historically rooted. These results are established after controlling for municipality fixed effects as well nation...

According to the United Nations Protocol, Trafficking in Human Beings (HRT) means: "The recruitment, transportation, transfer, concealment or taking of persons for any purpose form by threat use force abduction, deception, cunning, coercion abuse power order slavery, forced labor, and slavery". is a global problem. Based on statistics different world organizations, every year around 2,000,000 m...