The controlled switching can be applied to any type of commutations. Now there are dedicated controllers which are used more often for the switching of the transport and distribution lines, of the small inductive loads, of the capacitors batteries, or the energizing the no load power transformers. The paper presents a microcontroller (8051 family) based system used to controlled switching of va...

The paper is based on closed form analytical solution for switching overvoltages obtained bys-domain techniques. sequential closing of the switch poles energizing a transmission line reflected in expressions open-end voltagesin terms time and three parameters related to moments switching. These functions are then maximized by constrained optimization

Multihypothesis motion-compensating predictors combine several motion-compensated signals to predict the current frame signal. More than one motion-compensated signal, or hypothesis, is selected for transmission. Long-term memory motion-compensated prediction is a further concept for efficient video compression and is an example for forward-adaptive hypothesis switching. One motion-compensated ...

Telephony is an Internet application that has the potential to radically alter the telecommunications environment. This application may a ect traditional regulatory structures, subsidy structures, business models, etc. Today, users can transmit telephone-like voice tra c over the Internet at zero incremental price, unlike circuit switched telephony, which has a per-minute incremental price. Whi...

The change in system voltage and frequency with changing load creates problem in power system stability. For the sake of system stability and reliability, the reactive power compensation is essential for flexible AC transmission system (FACTS). The variation of reactive power causes impact on the generating units, lines, circuit breakers, transformers, relays and isolators. However the reactive...

a simple method is described for analysis of transients in power network. the method is developed for analysis of transformer and generator winding resonances due to their interaction with transmission lines caused by switching surges. the method is already used for calculation of overvoltages which had resulted in damages in the transformer winding of a hydro power plant. nonlinearity in the i...

we design and simulate a five-port optical router, which is composed of twenty mach-zehnder-based switching elements and twelve waveguide crossings for use in integrated photonic interconnection networks. we simulated and analyzed the operation of the proposed optical router from the aspects of insertion loss, power budget, q-factor and the minimum bit error ratio by use of optisystem simulator...

The technological evolution of telecommunication networks in recent years has shown that the availability of transmission bandwidth has been growing at a faster pace than the STNitChing bandwidth inside network nodes [4]. This means that in the near future electronic switching will become the perfonnance bottleneck of high-capacity networks. The cost of a Switching device (be it an IP router, a...

All-optical, mirrorless switching and bistability is demonstrated with bacteriorhodopsin (bR). A low-power, 532 nm laser beam modulates the transmission of a cw laser beam at 635 nm that corresponds to peak absorption of the Oexcited state in the bR photocycle. The switch has features like a NOT-gate; its switching contrast depends on the pulse width and average power of the modulating laser. T...

The data transmission by high-speed optical networks has upward trend. Various techniques of multiplexing are used in optical communication networks to satisfy growing demands. Wavelength division multiplexing is currently mostly used multiplex method due to its great advantages. Since the current optical communication networks are based on internet protocol, the optical burst switching present...