While "natural history" is practically synonymous with the name of Buffon, the term itself has been otherwise overlooked by historians of science. This essay attempts to address this omission by investigating the meanings of "physique," "natural philosophy," and "history," among other terms, with the purpose of understanding Buffon's actual objectives. It also shows that Buffon never claimed to...

Phylogenetic analyses are important part of the biological research, the idea behind which is that species are related through a history of common descent. A main goal of phylogenetics is to reconstruct how a group of species evolved in time by building a tree that would trace that evolution. Constructing such a tree would provide the opportunity to observe speciation events, horizontal gene tr...

We have studied the rectified current in a geometrically symmetric nano-electromechanical shuttle with periodic kicks and sinusoidal ac bias voltages. The is exactly zero under geometrical symmetry which generated by electrons transferred from source to drain electrodes through movable shuttle. investigate nonzero currents regular motion of time-translational broken. shuttle, moreover, becomes ...

In the field of maritime surveillance, global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based passive radar has proven its potential for moving target detection (MTD), localization, and velocity estimation. The next stage is to investigate possibility obtaining image ship recognition. However, limited signal power budget GNSS prevents conventional inverse synthetic aperture technique that based on rot...

The pathways of synthesis and maturation of pre-messenger RNA in the nucleus have a direct effect on the translational efficiency of mRNA in the cytoplasm. The transcription of intron-less mRNA in vivo directs this mRNA towards translational silencing. The presence of an intron at the 5' end of the transcript relieves this silencing, whereas an intron at the 3' end further represses translation...