Two approaches for metal ion incorporation were employed to introduce Ca2+ into SBA-15; Direct Synthesis (DS) and Wet Impregnation (WI). The non-ionic template was removed by two different methods; calcination and solvent extraction. The obtained catalysts were characterized by means of X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and FT-IR spectroscopy. The bas...

In the present study, Choline hydroxide (ChOH) as an ionic liquid catalyst was used for transesterification of soybean oil into biodiesel in a microchannel reactor. The effects of three variables i.e. reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and total flow rate on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content (wt. %) were optimized using Box–Behnken experimental design. In order to predict the FAME conte...

We identified the enzyme(s) involved in the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester prodrug CDP323 (C28H29BrN403) and characterized its transesterification in the presence of ethanol with special emphasis on the risks of drug-drug interaction. The hydrolysis of CDP323 was evaluated in vitro using human liver and intestinal microsomes and recombinant human carboxylesterases (hCES1 and 2) and was shown to ...

Using algae as a feedstock for biodiesel has been considered for a number of years, but it has always had limitations, due mainly to the production methods used to grow and harvest the algae. In this project, we propose a novel attached growth method to produce the algae while recycling dairy farm wastewater using the microalga Chlorella sp. The first part of the work provided a feasibility stu...

Microalgae have become an important source of biomass for biodiesel production. In enzymatic transesterification reaction, the enzyme activity is decreased in presence of alcohols. The use of different acyl acceptors such as methyl/ethyl acetate is suggested as an alternative and effective way to overcome this problem. In this study, ethyl acetate was used for the first time in the enzymatic pr...

The synthesis of methyl butyrate and octyl acetate through immobilized Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 3562 lipase mediated transesterification was studied under solvent-free conditions. The effect of different transesterification variables, namely, molarity of alcohol, reaction time, temperature, agitation, addition of water, and enzyme amount on molar conversion (%) was investigated. A maximum molar con...

A. Introduction B. Acid-Catalysed Esterification and Transesterification 1. General mechanism 2. Methanolic hydrogen chloride 3. Methanolic sulfuric acid 4. Boron trifluoride-methanol 5. Other acidic catalysts C. Base-Catalysed Transesterification 1. General mechanism 2. Sodium and potassium methoxide catalysts 3. Organic base catalysis D. Diazomethane and Related Reagents 1. Diazomethane and m...

In this study, corn oil as vegetable oil, chicken fat and fleshing oil as animal fats were used to produce methyl ester in a biodiesel pilot plant. The FFA level of the corn oil was below 1% while those of animal fats were too high to produce biodiesel via base catalyst. Therefore, it was needed to perform pretreatment reaction for the animal fats. For this aim, sulfuric acid was used as cataly...

Self-assembly of Zn(ClO4)2 with 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-di(pyridin-3-yl)disilane (L) as a bidentate N-donor gives rise to 3D coordination networks, [Zn(μ-OH)(L)]3(ClO4)3·5H2O (1·5H2O), of unique, 103-a srs net topology. An important feature is that two enantiomeric 3D frameworks, 41- and 43-[Zn(μ-OH)(L)]3(ClO4)3·5H2O, are interpenetrated to form a racemic two-fold 3D network with cages occupied...

The current study describes the emphatic use of response surface methodology for the optimized biodiesel production using chemical and enzymatic transesterification of rice bran and sunflower oils. Optimal biodiesel yields were determined to be 65.3 ± 2.0%, 73.4 ± 3.5%, 96.5 ± 1.6%, 89.3 ± 2.0% and 41.7 ± 3.9% for rice bran oil and 65.6 ± 1.2%, 82.1 ± 1.7%, 92.5 ± 2.8%, 72.6 ± 1.6% and 50.4 ± 2...