The present study investigated the effects of transdermally delivered oleanolic acid (OA) monotherapy and in combination with chloroquine (CHQ) on malaria parasites and glucose homeostasis of P. berghei-infected male Sprague-Dawley rats. Oral glucose test (OGT) responses to OA-pectin patch and CHQ-OA combination matrix patch were monitored in non-infected and infected rats. To evaluate the shor...

BACKGROUND Transdermal delivery of contraceptives offers several advantages over combined oral contraceptives (COCs), including effective absorption and the provision of relatively constant serum concentrations. Ethinyl estradiol (EE) and the progestin gestodene are well-absorbed through the skin and, therefore, well-suited for use in a transdermal contraceptive patch. OBJECTIVE The objective...

BACKGROUND In spite of an established safety and efficacy record, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is frequently used incorrectly, suboptimally, or not at all. OBJECTIVE This article reviews practical evidence based strategies to optimise the use of NRT in clinical practice. The increasing role of combination therapies is explored and strategies to prevent relapse using NRT are examined. ...

Identifying targets in a stream of items at a given constant spatial location relies on selection of aspects such as color, shape, or texture. Such attended (target) features of a stimulus elicit a negative-going event-related brain potential (ERP), termed Selection Negativity (SN), which has been used as an index of selective feature processing. In two experiments, participants viewed a series...

The main purpose of this research is to assess whether adding exposure therapy to the combination of multi-component cognitive-behavioural and nicotine patch therapies increases the effi cacy of this combination for smoking cessation. The research involved the comparison of results obtained from two treatment programmes that combined cognitive-behavioural techniques and nicotine patches, one in...

A wearable adhesive skin patch for transdermal drug delivery is developed with bendable microneedles, dry adhesive and triboelectric energy harvester (TEH). The bendable microneedle array can overcome the needle breakage issue. The dry adhesive can realize a conformal attachment. The TEH can generate power when attached on flat skin or joint to power active components to be integrated in the fu...

Transdermal rotigotine (RTG) is a non-ergot dopamine agonist (D3>D2>D1), and is indicated for use in early and advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). RTG patch has many potential advantages due to the immediacy of onset of the therapeutic effect. Of note, intestinal absorption is not necessary and drug delivery is constant, thereby avoiding drug peaks and helping patient compliance. In turn, transd...

Transdermal drug delivery systems are involved in the continuous administration of drug molecules from the surface of the skin into the circulatory system. Such systems have proved advantageous for delivery of certain drugs, such as scopolamine, nicotine, nitroglycerine, and estradiol. Compared with oral administration, transdermal drug delivery offers better uniformity of drug concentrations i...

BACKGROUND Although use of long-acting opioid analgesics has increased for chronic nonmalignant pain management, little is known about patient-reported utilization patterns. OBJECTIVE To assess patient-reported utilization patterns of fentanyl transdermal system and oxycodone hydrochloride (HCl) controlled-release among patients with chronic nonmalignant pain and to compare these patterns to ...

The aims of this study were to develop a transdermal patch for selective controlled delivery of the active S-enantiomer from racemic propranolol, and to evaluate its performance in vivo using Wistar rats. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) thin-layer composited cellulose membrane with selectivity for S-propranolol was employed as the enantioselective-controlled release system. The effect of ...