Tramadol is a centrally acting opioid analgesic which is mainly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain [2]. Its efficiency and potency ranges between weak opioids and morphine [3]. Tramadol is rapidly absorbed orally; Tramadol has extensive tissue distribution. The bioavailability of tramadol is 70 % its bioavailability is more than that of morphine (1565%) when tramadol is used in m...

In this study 50 samples of ecstasy tablets seized in Iran during the period of 2007 through 2008 were examined and their physical characteristics (appearance, marking, scored/not scored, color, weight, diameter, thickness) were determined. In order to determine the chemical characteristics of these tablets, color tests (Marquis test, Simon’s test, Chen’s test and Gallic acid test), Thin Layer ...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether tramadol had a dose-dependent blocking effect on nerve conduction when administered perineurally to the sural nerve of healthy volunteers. METHODS Twenty-four informed healthy subjects were randomized into four equal groups [Saline (placebo), 0.5% tramadol, 1% tramadol and 1.5% tramadol]. The study was designed to be double-blinded. ...