Autonomous Vehicle Following can be achieved if the poses of both the follower and leader vehicles are continuously estimated. This can be achieved by using a Bayesian estimation technique together with a virtual trailer link model. The advantage of such a model is that the follower vehicle will trail a virtual trailer, modeled as an attachment to the leader vehicle, instead of the leader vehic...

Collectively migrating cells maintain group polarity and interpret external cues to reach their destination. The cardiogenic progenitors (also known as trunk ventral cells, TVCs) of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis provide a simple chordate model with which to study collective migration. Bilateral pairs of associated TVCs undergo a stereotyped polarized migration away from the tail towards the v...

In the current concept, tRNA maturation in vertebrate cells, including splicing of introns, trimming of 5' leader and 3' trailer, and adding of CCA, is thought to occur exclusively in the nucleus. Here we provide evidence to challenge this concept. Unspliced intron-containing precursor tRNAIle was identified in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions, which are synthesized in the cy...

Future Driving Assistance Systems (DAS) will have to react to changes within the system at runtime. This might be the case in Car-to-X systems where the availability of communication partners changes dynamically. Another example are systems like DAS for truck and trailer combinations where a trailer might be disconnected and replaced by another one several times a day. State-of-the-art DAS are ...

In this paper, sliding mode controllers (SMC) are designed for a steerable tractor-trailer system, which is operating in the presence of longitudinal and lateral slips at front and rear wheels. Such vehicles intended for autonomous operations usually traverse at low speeds along straight lines. As very low accelerations are involved kinematic models seem sufficiently accurate for developing con...

The complete nucleotide sequence of the simian virus 41 (SV41) large (L) protein gene was determined. The L gene spanned 6883 nucleotides including a putative trailer RNA, and the L mRNA contained a single large open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 2269 amino acids. Dot-matrix comparisons under stringent conditions identified domains highly conserved among paramyxoviruses. Domain 3 is t...

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code has been combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) to perform a two-dimensional drag minimization on the base region of tractor trailers. Few studies have been conducted with CFD driven by a GA due to extensive run times and the general non autonomous characteristics of meshing a suitable CFD geometry. This study solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-average...

An articulated lorry was instrumented in order to measure its performance in straight-line braking. The trailer was fitted with two interchangeable tandem axle sub–chassis, one with an air suspension and the other with a steel monoleaf 4–spring suspension. The brakes were only applied to the trailer axles, which were fitted with anti–lock braking systems (ABS), with the brake torque controlled ...