In urban areas, emissions of air pollutants by anthropogenic processes such as traffic, industry, power plants and domestic heating systems are the main sources of pollution (Fenger, 1999). The massive growth in road traffic and in the use of fossil fuels during the last decades has changed the composition of urban air, increasing the frequency of pollution episodes and the number of cities exp...

Introduction Previous studies in developed countries have documented associations between air pollution and risk of some neoplasms. We explored the association of traffic-related air pollution with hospitalisations for cancer groups. Methods Our analysis included all individuals admitted to public or private hospitals in São Paulo from 2004 to 2006 with a main diagnosis of primary invasive canc...

BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution is frequently associated with reductions in birth weight but results of available studies vary widely, possibly in part because of differences in air pollution metrics. Further insight is needed to identify the air pollution metrics most strongly and consistently associated with birth weight. METHODS We used a hospital-based obstetric database of more than...

Air pollution has become a severe environmental problem due to urbanization and heavy traffic. Monitoring street-level air quality is an important issue, but most official monitoring stations are installed to monitor large-scale air quality conditions, and their limited spatial resolution cannot reflect the detailed variations in air quality that may be induced by traffic jams. By deploying wir...

lead as non-essential metal, is known the source of toxicity and impacts on the environment and humans. the goal of recent paper is to determine the pb concentration of road and road margin dust of ghamishlu wildlife refuge in isfahan province with an area about 120,000 hectares surrounded by four main roads. traffic load in the southern freeway have been reported as about 3600-19000 cars/day. ...

BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a major complication of pregnancy that can lead to substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity, mortality, and preterm birth. Increasing evidence suggests that air pollution adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. Yet few studies have examined how local traffic-generated emissions affect preeclampsia in addition to preterm birth. OBJECTIVES We examined effects of res...

BACKGROUND Ambient levels of air pollution may affect the health of children, as indicated by studies of infant and perinatal mortality. Scientific evidence has also correlated low birth weight and preterm birth, which are important determinants of perinatal death, with air pollution. However, most of these studies used ambient concentrations measured at monitoring sites, which may not consider...

BACKGROUND Although a number of studies have found an association between aircraft noise and hypertension, there is a lack of evidence on associations with other cardiovascular disease. For road traffic noise, more studies are available but the extent of possible confounding by air pollution has not been established. METHODS This study used data from the Hypertension and Environmental Noise n...

BACKGROUND Urban air pollution can trigger asthma exacerbations, but the effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on lung function or onset of airway disease and allergic sensitisation in children is less clear. METHODS All 2107 children aged 9-14 years from 40 schools in Rome in 2000-1 were included in a cross-sectional survey. Respiratory symptoms were assessed on 1760...