The political and economic circumstances in the transition countries changed substantially after the turning point in the 1990s. To date the transformation process is far from being completed. This also applies to the trade unions. Their tasks and possibilities in relation to interest protection have changed fundamentally after the collapse of the socialist economic order. Trade unions today ha...

Studies in Comparative International Development, Spring 2006, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 53-75. Jeffrey Drope is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Miami. His recent articles and current research examine the political economy of trade policy and, more generally, how interests and institutions interact to generate policy. Don’t Buy from Me Argentina: Politics,...

I present a theory of optimal multilateral trade agreements with public political shocks. I show that “forbearance” where one country withholds retaliation when its trading partner receives a shock is a feature of an optimal agreement. This provides a rationale for countries not acting on retaliatory rights granted under GATT. I show that there is a limit to forbearance allowable in a self-enfo...

abstract there is interchange of cultures and different kinds of ethnos music in the world between different cultures as acculturation. the economical, trade and political interchange, war and immigration has played a prominent role on acculturation; and obviously most of the time dominant culture has more influence on the other culture. one of the acculturation in the field of music devoted to...

one of the most important macro-economic objectives of the countries is to create the necessary conditions for promoting economic growth. among them, we can point to political stability and economic freedom. political instability leads to wasting physical and human resources and social capital, which will be considered as an economic rollback. also, the rate of economic growth is associated wit...

Trade has become the main mode of transport for many invasive species including diseases and agricultural pests. Most species are brought to their new homes unintentionally, which constitute a market failure rooted in international trade. Unless it is practical to drive invasion risk to zero, the external costs may justify a tariff. In this paper we analyze the political process likely to gover...

This paper argues that the benefits of international institutions accrue disproportionately to pairs of states that find cooperation most difficult. It determines which states achieve the greatest gains from these institutions by identifying a central reason that states fail to cooperate in international relations: they fear being “held up” by other states for political concessions. Political h...

Rising international trade flows are a primary component of globalization. The liberalization of trade policy in many developing countries has helped foster the growth of these flows. Preceding and concurrent with this move to free trade, there has been a global movement toward democracy. We argue that these two trends are related: democratization of the political system reduces the ability of ...