iran, between third to fifth centuries ad, witnessed one of the urbanization boom periods in his history. in this period, iranian towns were capable of commodity exchange and  manufacturing  products. in this context, growth of knowledge and rationalism , moderation in politics, community participation, growth and development of the intellectual trends and movements caused rationality and reaso...

Urban areas are becoming increasingly important for wildlife as diminishing natural habitats no longer represent a suitable environment for many species. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are nowadays common in many cities worldwide, and in recent years they have colonized urban areas in Estonia. We used a public web-based questionnaire approach to evaluate the distribution and behaviour of Estonian ur...

Abstract After remodeling the economies of the Western world all along the 1980s, deindustrialization abruptly hit the former socialist countries in the early 1990s. Deindustrialization with destructuring meant the disintegration of the economic structure and industrial cities, and regions entered a downsizing spiral of population loss after the breakdown of traditional industries, outmigration...

introduction many plans and programs have been outlined to solve problems including rapid increase of urbanization, unbalanced distribution of population, a plenty of urban problems, increase of unemployment, underdevelopment of rural points, immigration and specially migration of active population toward metropolitan areas. these are rampant issues throughout iran like many other developing co...

Research limited to large urban areas leaves out as much of the U.S. population as it captures. According to the 1990 census (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1992), only 49 percent of the U.S. population lives in urbanized areas of 500,000 or more, 25 percent lives in fully rural settings (i.e., places with populations of no more than 2,500), and another 12 percent lives in towns or cities of fewe...