Biofilm communities contain distinct microniches that result in metabolic heterogeneity and variability in gene expression. Previously, these niches were visualized within Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by observing differential expression of the cid and lrg operons during tower formation. In the present study, we examined early biofilm development and identified two new stages (designated "mul...

Motivated by the minimal tower problem, an earlier work studied diagonalizations of covers where the covers are related to linear quasiorders (τ -covers). We deal with two types of combinatorial questions which arise from this study. (1) Two new cardinals introduced in the topological study are expressed in terms of well known cardinals characteristics of the continuum. (2) We study the additiv...

The paper discusses the numerical optimization design of anchoring end of prestressed cable at some hydropower station. There are two types of designing for the anchoring end, namely using square thick steel anchor bearing plate or using the roundtower anchor bearing plate. By the numerical calculation, the anchoring end using the round-tower anchor bearing plate can match the space and mechani...

in this investigation, the performance of a tower for absorption of sulphur dioxide gas into calcium carbonate solution has been studied. the trays had no downcomer and the tower itself was a scaled down pilot from industrial equipment. the industrial scale tower was used for clean up of 110000 m3/hr gas using 40 m3/hr alkaline solution. the study was composed of two parts. in the first section...

Abstract    Historical monument of Menar-Jonban (shaking tower) is located in the famous city of Isfahan in central Iran. Initial construction of this interesting and unique masonry monument belongs to 700 years ago. This monument has two vibrating circular towers of 7.5 m height. These towers are separated from each other by a distance of 9.2 m and constructed on top of an ancient tomb of 10 m...

We study a family of area-preserving maps of the 2-torus and show that they are pseudo-Anosov. We present a method to construct finite Markov partitions for this family which utilizes their common symmetries. Through these partitions we show explicitly that each map is a tower over a first return map, intimately linked to a toral automorphism. This enables us to calculate directly some dimensio...

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in cognitive function, involved in Executive Functions (EFs) such as planning, working memory, and inhibition. Activation in the PFC also occurs during some motor activities. One commonly used tool to assess EF is the Tower of Hanoi, demonstrating sensitivity to PFC dysfunction. However, limited neuroimaging evidence is available to support th...

this paper is an attempt to numerical modeling and experimental study of air flow in the yazdi wind-towers. wind towers has been known as one of the most effective climatic elements in iranian traditional architecture. this paper is an attempt to evaluating yazdi wind-tower to discussion the two main questions: 1. what is the role of orientation of wind-towers span, regarding to climate and hei...

this article is a comparative evaluation of airflow in two kinds of yazdi and kermani wind-towers. in the late decades of twenty century regarding to high population growth rate and energy crisis, vernacular architecture and its passive methods for gaining thermal comfort, has been strongly focused. moreover, a huge scientific movement setup for researches deep in exploring passive cooling and ...

The Staphylococcus aureus cid and lrg operons play significant roles in the control of autolysis and accumulation of extracellular genomic DNA (eDNA) during biofilm development. Although the molecular mechanisms mediating this control are only beginning to be revealed, it is clear that cell death must be limited to a subfraction of the biofilm population. In the present study, we tested the hyp...