Histological staining of wild-type and sevenless transgenic Drosophila melanogaster bearing Rh3lacZ fusion genes permits the selective visualization of polarization-sensitive R7 and R8 photoreceptor cells located along the dorsal anterior eye margin. Diffusion of fl-galactosidase throughout these cells reveals that they project long axons to the two most peripheral synaptic target rows of the d...

Simulations of barge-tow movement in the sub-critical range along the Illinois River near Kampsville are performed to determine the return flow (RF) characteristics for upstream and downstream bound barge-tows. Simulations are carried out using the OpenFOAM® based CFD software for six barge-tow configurations considering two-dimensional shallow water equation. The RF velocities are simulated fo...

Composite materials have been playing a major role in modern aircraft design due to their high stiffness and strength to weight ratio. While the advantages of composite structures over their metallic counterparts is significant, it is possible to improve even further on the benefits offered by traditional composites through the use of novel composite manufacturing methods. One such method is au...

A new species of Hanshumba Young, 1977 is described and illustrated from the Mantiqueira mountain range (southeastern Brazil), municipalities Wenceslau Braz (state Minas Gerais) São Bento do Sapucaí Paulo). The taxon associated with olive orchards considered a potential vector bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. This causes serious disease known in Brazil as leaf desiccation syndrome. mariae sp. nov....

The tail of the earliest known articulated fully skeletonized vertebrate, the arandaspid Sacabambaspis from the Ordovician of Bolivia, is redescribed on the basis of further preparation of the only specimen in which it is most extensively preserved. The first, but soon discarded, reconstruction, which assumed the presence of a long horizontal notochordal lobe separating equal sized dorsal and v...

—Understanding sampling effectiveness is critical to gear selection and the determination of larval fish dynamics. We evaluated bow-mounted push nets for collecting larval fish across reservoirs and habitats and compared them with traditional tow nets. By means of a pushed 0.5-m-diameter conical net and towed 0.5-m-diameter and 0.75-m-diameter conical nets, ichthyoplankton samples were taken du...

Navigation requires coordination of egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames and may involve vectorial computations relative to landmarks. Creation of a representation of target heading relative to landmarks could be accomplished from neurons that encode the conjunction of egocentric landmark bearings with allocentric head direction. Landmark vector representations could then be crea...

Acoustic bearings are obtained from dolphin whistles using frequency-domain ~FD! beamforming techniques on signals recorded on a three-element 9-m aperture towed array. Due to the wide element separation, the high-frequency ~kHz range! signals generate numerous grating lobes, but these lobes shift bearing with beamformed frequency, allowing identification of the true bearing whenever the whistl...

the aim of this research is to scrutinize the effects of democratic regional organizations on democratization. we will scrutinize regional organizations regardless of their functional time and space. but attending the democratic feature that was regarded, we will concentrate mainly on the last three decades. after studying democratization process and represent subjects on democratic regional or...