Initial designs of P2P systems such as Napster, Gnutella and Freenet have significant scaling problems. Recently several research groups have independently proposed a new generation of topology-aware P2P systems to support scalable routing and location schemes. As the P2P architecture is becoming popular and more systems are introduced, we feel it necessary to propose an abstract and generic to...

This study focuses on the topology optimization of structures using a hybrid of level set method (LSM) incorporating sensitivity analysis and isogeometric analysis (IGA). First, the topology optimization problem is formulated using the LSM based on the shape gradient. The shape gradient easily handles boundary propagation with topological changes. In the LSM, the topological gradient method as ...

We present a topological characterization for fuzzy regular languages: we show that there is a bijective correspondence between fuzzy regular languages and the set of all clopen fuzzy subsets with finite image in the induced fuzzy topological space of Stone space (Profinite space), and then we give a representation of closed fuzzy subsets in the induced fuzzy topological space via fuzzy regular...

Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis is entirely my own work except where otherwise indicated. I have used only the resources given in the list of references. Abstract An astonishing diversity of biological concepts and processes can be represented by the relatively simple formalism of networks, which consist of nodes connected by edges. Examples range from neuron communication to meta...

In help of the Kohonen’s self-organizing maps we present a topological local principal component analysis model which is capable of exploiting both the global topological structure and each local cluster structure. A newly proposed self-organizing strategy that can enhance the learning speed is introduced to train the model. c © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The X-ray charge density analysis of a hydroxynaphthoquinnne derivative was obtained by multipolar Hansen-Coppens formalism refinement through high resolution X-ray diffraction data at 100(1) K. The molecularproperties of the title compound resulted from the combined experimental and the quantum theory of atoms inmolecules (QTAIM) studies. The topological properties of the covalent bonds and of...

The description of the molecular world conforming living cells has been a long standing enterprise since Biochemistry foundation. The elucidation of biochemical pathways in the early-middle twenty century gave way to a more complete picture of genes, proteins and metabolites by the beginning of Molecular Biology. Nowadays, the ultimate deciphering of such a molecular world is now becoming to be...

The concept of a hydraulic axis plays a central role within the design and analysis of hydraulic systems. A hydraulic axis comprises working, control, and supply elements that realize a subfunction of a hydraulic system. Analyzing a system’s functional structure means to identify the hydraulic axes along with their couplings. The paper in hand addresses this problem; it presents concepts and al...

In addition to exploring constructions and properties of limits and colimits in categories of topological algebras, we study special subcategories of topological algebras and their properties. In particular, under certain conditions, reflective subcategories when paired with topological structures give rise to reflective subcategories and epireflective subcategories give rise to epireflective s...