In the history of surveying and mapping, a large volumes of topographic maps and digital elevation models have been created at various scales throughout the world. However, positional errors and geometric distortions may exist in the topographic contour maps and their derived DEMs due to inaccurate ground control and poor navigation techniques in the early years. In this paper, we present a new...

Topographic prominence can be defined as the perceived difference in height between an individual and their surroundings within a defined neighborhood. Because this difference can be seen as an element of visual/political control, topographic prominence may provide clues to perceived social hierarchy and rank. This study uses ARC/GRID to discover topographic prominence in a landscape at a varie...

This paper presents the complete algorithm of site response analysis of nonhomogeneous topographic structures using transient two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM). Seismic behaviour of various topographic features including canyon, half plane, sedimentary filled valley and ridge sections, subjected to incident SV and P waves are analysed. The analysis shows the efficiency of the propos...

In this paper, an effective spatial sampling method is preliminary explored to assess the quality of the topographic data. The most novel idea in this study is we think the error as noise in the signal and we hope to direct spatial sampling through realizing this idea. First, we perform a prior partition of the original topographic data on the basis of the different error levels after a rough c...

This paper compares the performance of topographic analysis and binary analysis for recognition of digits in hydrographic maps. Each of the methods processed the input image by extracting binary print components, recognizing long lines, splitting touching digits, and, finally, recognizing individual symbol candidates. The topographic analysis extracted the information by computing topographic l...

This paper describes work aimed at consistently labelling surface facets using topographic classes derived from mean and Gaussian curvature measurements. There are two distinct contributions. Firstly, we develop a statistical model which allows label probabilities to be assigned to the di!erent topographic classes. These probabilities capture uncertainties in the computation of surface curvatur...

Topographic patterns are known to affect cellular processes such as adhesion, migration and differentiation. However, the optimal way to deliver topographic signals to provide cells with precise instructions has not been defined yet. In this work, we hypothesize that topographic patterns may be able to control the sensing and adhesion machinery of cells when their interval features are tuned on...

A comparative analysis is presented for empirical topographic normalization of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data in varied forest and topographic settings. The paired study included rugged areas of Glacier National Park, Montana, Linville Gorge Wilderness, North Carolina, and Green Mountains, Vermont, U.S.A. Empirical models of topographic bias achieved significant corrections in the Montana an...

Topology preservation of Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) is an advantageous property for correct clustering. Among several existing measures of topology violation, this paper studies the Topographic Function (TF) [1]. We find that this measuring method, demonstrated for low-dimensional data in [1], has a reliable foundation in its distance metric for the interpretation of the neighborhood relations...

Topographic data sets produced by the National Mapping Agencies (NMAs) are an essential part of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). Both global and European developments will denote that the NMAs will have to adopt new strategies for managing topographic data. This paper will embrace some of the requirements and introduce a framework for topographic data management based on the analysis of stu...