In order to assess the safety and efficacy of once-weekly fluconazole orally (100, 150, or 300 mg) with once-a-day topical application of 1% ketoconazole cream in the treatment of onychomycosis in Japan, 121 patients were assigned to one of three fluconazole dosages (100, 150, or 300 mg) and took fluconazole orally, once weekly, for 12 months or until a complete cure was achieved. In addition, ...

The aim of this study was to optimize hesperetin cream formulations by in vitro permeation study and evaluate topical whitening active effect and skin irritation by in vivo study. The results showed that the solubility of lipophilic compound of hesperetin was increased by short-chain alcohol including ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycols 400 (PEG 400). PEG 400 showed str...

Progesterone products are available in prescription form as well as over-the-counter (OTC) topical preparations sold for "cosmetic" uses. In a randomized study design, the authors compared the drug exposure from an OTC progesterone cream to a Food and Drug Administration-approved oral preparation at the labeled daily doses recommended for each product. Twelve healthy postmenopausal women receiv...

There is currently a great deal of world-wide interest in the field of transdermal drug delivery and, consequently, broad classes of drugs are being evaluated for percutaneous absorption potential. The advantages of this mode of drug administration are numerous, the patient convenience and therapeutic optimization of using patch transdermal systems being major positive features. The in vitro re...

Topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is approved for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. However, 5-FU suffers from poor skin permeation. Microneedles have been successfully applied to improve the skin permeability of small and large molecules, and even nanoparticles, by creating micron-sized pores in the stratum corneum layer of the skin. In this report, the feasi...

OBJECTIVE To determine if the complete response rates of lentigo maligna (LM) to imiquimod, 5%, cream can be improved by the addition of a topical retinoid. DESIGN Prospective randomized study of patients treated with imiquimod alone vs imiquimod plus a topical retinoid, followed by conservative staged excisions. SETTING Mohs surgical clinic in an academic institution. PATIENTS Ninety pat...

A direct study evaluating whether differential drug uptake of topical 2% miconazole and 2% ketoconazole from cream formulations into human stratum corneum correlated with differential pharmacological activity against Candida albicans was investigated in healthy human subjects. A single 24-h topical dose of 2% ketoconazole cream or 2% miconazole cream was applied unoccluded, at the same dose (2....

BACKGROUND Wound healing is impaired in diabetes mellitus, but the mechanisms involved in this process are virtually unknown. Proteins belonging to the insulin signaling pathway respond to insulin in the skin of rats. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway in wound healing and skin repair of normal and diabetic rats, and, in para...

The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of citric and tartaric acids on experimental dermatophytosis in guinea pigs. In this study, the susceptibility of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes to citric and tartaric acids was assessed using the macrodilution broth method. In the animal experiments, a cream consisting of the mixed acids was topically applied ...

A patient-specific, stepped approach to topical and intranasal analgesic pharmacotherapy was effective in reducing refractory postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) not responding to the current standard of care for PHN. The use of topical analgesic therapy allowed for higher concentrations of medication locally while reducing the likelihood of systemic side effects common to the drugs used. No adverse e...