purpose: to investigate the efficacy of topical cyclosporine a 2% in treating and preventing recurrent graft rejection episodes after penetrating keratoplasty (pkp) in patients with history of previous rejection episodes. methods: in this clinical trial, eligible pkp patients were randomly given topical cyclosporine a 2% or placebo in addition to a standard corticosteroid regimen for an episode...

This study examined the effects of topical lidocaine on reported pain by patients who underwent needle wire localization (NWL) prior to breast biopsy. Patients typically report sensations of discomfort that range from moderate to intense pain. The purpose of this study was to compare a topical lidocaine anesthetic preparation with no topical substance in reducing reported pain by women undergoi...

TOPICAL DIAGNOSIS OF OPTIC CHIASMAL LESIONS TOPICAL DIAGNOSIS OF RETROCHIASMAL VISUAL FIELD Visual Field Defects DEFECTS Etiologies of the Optic Chiasmal Syndrome Topical Diagnosis of Optic Tract Lesions Masqueraders of the Optic Chiasmal Syndrome Topical Diagnosis of Lesions of the Lateral Geniculate Body Pathophysiology of the Optic Chiasmal Syndrome Topical Diagnosis of Lesions of the Optic ...

BACKGROUND Several local anaesthetic techniques are available for cataract surgery. Recently, topical anaesthesia has gained in popularity. A randomized trial was designed to compare patient discomfort and intraoperative complications following routine cataract surgery under topical or sub-Tenon's anaesthesia. METHODS A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial of 210 patien...

introduction: palmoplantar psoriasis could hardly be differentiated from chronic tylotic eczema both clinically and histologically. the most commonly used therapeutic options for palmoplantar psoriasis are long-term therapy with topical corticosteroids and local puva. frequently, it is a recalcitrant disease. we investigated the efficacy  and tolerability of the combination of topical calcipotr...

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and costs of circumcision versus topical treatment using a prospective pharmacoeconomic protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated 59 patients (3-10 years of age) randomized into two groups: 29 underwent an 8-week course of topical treatment with 0.2% betamethasone-hyaluronidase cream twice a day; and 30 underwent circumcision. Topical treatment success was def...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To compare the clinical failure rates among children with otorrhea through tympanostomy tubes treated with topical or systemic antibiotics versus topical saline. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, controlled patient study. METHODS A three-armed randomized clinical trial using topical ciprofloxacin or oral amoxicillin or topical saline. The primary outcome was treat...