Ischemic Heart Disease Metoprolol Tartrate Injection, USP, metoprolol tartrate USP is a selective beta adrenoreceptor blocking agent, available as 5 mLvials for intravenous administration. Each vial contains a sterile solution of metoprolol tartrate, 5 mg, and sodium chloride, 45 mg, and water for injection. Metoprolol tartrate is (±)1-(Isopropylamino)-3-[ -(2-methoxyethyl) phenoxy]-2-propanol ...

OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a significant difference in outcomes of clinical trials funded by industry or not of antimuscarinic medications used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and detrusor overactivity (DOA). METHODS A Medline search was conducted from January 1966 to June 2003 to identify human clinical trials of oxybutynin and tolterodine published in English. Randomized ...

Trospium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound, which is a competitive antagonist at muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Preclinical studies using porcine and human detrusor muscle strips demonstrated that trospium chloride was many-fold more potent than oxybutynin and tolterodine in inhibiting contractile responses to carbachol and electrical stimulation. The drug is poorly bioavailable ora...

While establishing methods for the control of spoilage in the tartrate recovery plants of California, Vaughn et al. (1943a,b; 1946) isolated a number of D-tartrate-decomposing microorganisms, including several mesophilic clostridia. These organisms, among the most active fermenters of D-tartrate, are of historical as well as economic interest, for it was in a tartrate medium that Pasteur (1863)...

BACKGROUND Overactive bladder (OAB) is highly prevalent and is associated with considerable morbidity and reduced health-related quality of life. β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) stimulation is a novel alternative to antimuscarinic therapy for OAB. OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was to assess the cost effectiveness of the β3-AR agonist mirabegron relative to tolterodine extended relea...

Although in vitro studies show that muscarinic M(3) receptors primarily mediate the effects of acetylcholine on gastrointestinal contractility, the muscarinic receptor subtypes regulating gastrointestinal motor activity and transit in humans in vivo are unclear. We hypothesized that muscarinic M(3)-specific but not nonspecific receptor antagonists would delay gastrointestinal and colonic transi...

BACKGROUND Storage symptoms, associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), often co-exist with voiding symptoms in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Storage symptoms are likely to be most bothersome, and may not be adequately resolved by treatment with α-blocker or antimuscarinic monotherapy. A recent randomised controlled phase 3 trial (NEPTUNE) demonstrated that a fixed-dose...

The anticholinergics tolterodine and oxybutynin are well established in the management of overactive bladder. However, their activity at muscarinic receptors distant from the target site (i.e., bladder) produces anticholinergic side effects leading to poor tolerability. In 2004, trospium, solifenacin, and darifenacin were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ov...

1. Sodium tartrate labelled with C was given orally and parenterally to man and rats, and by direct injection into the caecum in rats. From the differences in urinary excretion after oral and parenteral administration intestinal absorption of tartrate was calculated as 18% of the dose in man and 81% in rats. Urinary tartrate was equivalent to 14% of the dose in man and 70% in rats, the differ­ ...

Hypothesis / aims of study Fesoterodine is a relatively novel antimuscarinic agent for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) [1]. When administered orally, fesoterodine is rapidly and extensively converted to its active metabolite, 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5-HMT), which is also an active metabolite of tolterodine [2]. Our recent study with radioligand binding assay has shown that fesote...