washback refers to the influence of a test on teaching and learning. this study was an attempt to compare the influence of ielts and toefl ibt on the expectations the students brought to their courses and to investigate how these expectations were fulfilled. to this end, 100 ielts and 120 toefl ibt students attending preparation courses took a questionnaire survey, and a sample of their ten cla...

1 Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, IA 52246, USA 2Centre for Translational Cancer Research, IBT, Texas A&M HSC, Houston, TX 77030, USA 3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500037, India 4Centre for Genetic Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Central Universi...

O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a influência de traços comportamentais na tendência do consumo por impulso. tipo amostragem foi não probabilística e conveniência (N = 294). Inicialmente, procedeu-se adapatação valiadação da escala Impulse Buying Tendencies - IBT (Mittal, Chawla, & Sondhi, 2016) para contexto nacional, em seguida realizado testes ANOVAs analisar comportamento das...

Electromagnetic Tracking (EMT) is a novel technique for error detection and quality assurance (QA) in interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-iBT). The purpose of this study is to provide a concept for data acquisition developed as part of a clinical evaluation study on the use of EMT during interstitial treatment of breast cancer patients. The stability, accuracy, and precision of EMT-d...

This mixed-methods design study investigated Iranian TOEFL iBT and IELTS teachers’ views on thestructure of the TOEFL iBT and IELTS receptive and productive sections from the yardsticks of dynamic and static assessment. It also examined the conformity level of the receptive and productive sections of TOEFL iBT and IELTS to dynamic assessment and static assessment standards. To achieve the objec...

BACKGROUND Colorants derived from natural sources look set to overtake synthetic colorants in market value as manufacturers continue to meet the rising demand for clean label ingredients - particularly in food applications. Many ascomycetous fungi naturally synthesize and secrete pigments and thus provide readily available additional and/or alternative sources of natural colorants that are inde...

Radiation therapy (RT) developed in several eras. Patients’ needs for more effective treatment guided the efforts. The development of ion beam therapy (IBT) can be seen as a corollary in this continuous endeavor to optimize disease control while minimizing normal-tissue damage. It could not have materialized, however, without the curiosity, ingenuity, and perseverance of researchers, engineers,...

This paper describes a tempo induction and beat tracking system based on the efficient strategy (initially introduced in the BeatRoot system [Dixon S., “Automatic extraction of tempo and beat from expressive performances.” Journal of New Music Research, 30(1):39-58, 2001]) of competing agents processing musical input sequentially and considering parallel hypotheses regarding tempo and beats. In...

Among the most innovative features of the TOEFL® Internet-based test (TOEFL iBT) are the addition of a speaking measure and a revised writing measure consisting of two writing tasks. The speaking and writing measures include both independent and integrated tasks. Independent tasks require test takers to talk or write about their personal opinions or experiences. Integrated tasks require the use...

In this paper, we prove that a fuzzy set–valued Brownian motion Bt, as defined in [2], can be handle by an R–valued Wiener process bt, in the sense that Bt = Ibt ; i.e. it is actually the indicator function of a Wiener process.