There are many preparations for tobacco use, which can be classified as smoking or smokeless tobacco. Among the noncigarette preparations that produce smoke, we cite cigars, pipes and narghiles. Smokeless tobacco can be found in preparations for chewing or for being absorbed by nasal and oral mucosae (snuff). However, all tobacco products deliver nicotine to the central nervous system and there...

BACKGROUND Kerala is a highly urbanized state in India and interstate migrant laborers working there forms a marginalized community. It was generally perceived that use of tobacco and alcohol was high among the workers, but there are no epidemiological studies assessing the actual burden. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of use of tobacco and also the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions a...

Broadstock, M. Systematic review of the health effects of modified smokeless tobacco products.

This study is an assessment of the influence of parent's tobacco use on prospective tobacco use trajectories among young offspring. The study is based on unit level data from District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2012-2013) comprising 27,706 youths in 15-24 years' age group from northeastern states of India and used multilevel regression to identify the potential risk factors of tobac...

BACKGROUND Cigarette manufacturers in the United States have begun marketing cigarette brands claiming to reduce smokers' exposure to selected toxins in tobacco smoke. Little data exist on smokers' awareness, use, and beliefs about these products. METHODS Data from the U.S. arm of the International Tobacco Control Policy Four-Country Survey (ITC-4), a telephone survey of 2028 adult current ci...

Smokeless tobacco products have existed for centuries and vary significantly across geographical regions. The constituents found in each smokeless tobacco product depends on many factors, including social customs, manufacturing regulations, and the availability of local raw ingredients. Unfortunately, tobacco products have been linked to cancer over the past several decades, particularly of the...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether people who use smokeless tobacco products are at increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. DESIGN Meta-analysis of observational studies from Sweden and the United States. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases and reference lists. DATA EXTRACTION Quantitative estimates of the association between use of smokeless tobacco products and risk of myocardial inf...

AIM To determine the predictors of hypertension among nonpregnant females attending a health promotion clinic. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study was conducted during March to June 2016, at the National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, India. METHODS The study included 319 nonpregnant females of age 20-70 years. Demographics such as age, literacy, and income were noted. ...

Some tobacco researchers have argued that the European Union should remove its ban on a form of low-nitrosamine smokeless tobacco referred to as Swedish 'snus'. This argument has developed in to an international debate over the use of smokeless tobacco as a measure of harm reduction for smokers. Leading authorities in the USA have firmly stated that there is no safe tobacco - a message which do...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND This study explored the value of providing information in a Fact Sheet to correct misperceptions about the relative harmfulness of nicotine replacement products (NRT) and smokeless tobacco (ST), when compared to cigarette smoking. METHODS Four convenience samples from different countries (Australia, UK, Sweden and USA) were surveyed concerning their beliefs about the ...