As people learn more facts about a concept, those facts become more difficult to remember. This is called the fan effect, where fan refers to the number of facts known about a concept. Increasing fan has been shown to decrease accuracy and increase response time and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activity during retrieval. In this study, participants learned 36 arbitrary person-lo...

We present a new technique of injecting clocks optically onto CMOS chips without the use of a receiver amplifier. We discuss the benefits of such a direct approach and present proof-ofprinciple experiments of the technique. We analytically compare a receiver-less optical clock distribution and an electrical clock distribution in a fan-out-of-four clock tree to evaluate the timing and power bene...

Binary carry-propagating addition can be efficiently expressed as a prefix computation. Several examples of adders based on such a formulation have been published, and efficient implementations are numerous. Chief among the known constructions are those of Kogge & Stone and Ladner & Fischer. In this work we show that these are end cases of a large family of addition structures, all of which sha...

We introduce mix rings, a novel peer-to-peer mixnet architecture for anonymity that yields low-latency networking compared to existing mixnet architectures. A mix ring is a cycle of continuous-time mixes that uses carefully coordinated cover traffic and a simple fan-out mechanism to protect the initiator from timing analysis attacks. Key features of the mix ring architecture include decoupling ...

This paper uses mortality fan charts to illustrate prospective future male mortality. These fan charts show both the most likely path of male mortality and the bands of uncertainty surrounding that path. The fan charts are based on a model of male mortality that is known to provide a good fit to UK mortality data. The fan charts suggest that there are clear limits to longevity—that future morta...

despite of suitable geological and climatic conditions for forming and evolution of alluvial fans and importance of this landform as soil and water resources in arid regions, there are limited studies about this landform in iran. in the present study, evolution and pedogenic development of geomorphic surfaces of an alluvial fan in eastern isfahan were studied by using remote sensing, field and ...

Understanding the needs or expectations customers aim to pursue is the priority of marketing communications. This study employed a theoretical approach to identify and respond to the needs that consumers seek to satisfy on fan pages. The customer needs were evaluated from functional, hedonic, social, and psychological perspectives. A two-step confirmatory factor analysis was applied. All four o...