N-modular redundancy (NMR) is commonly used to enhance the fault tolerance of a circuit/system, when subject to a fault-inducing environment such as in space or military systems, where upsets due to radiation phenomena, temperature and/or other environmental conditions are anticipated. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), which is a 3-tuple version of NMR, is widely preferred for mission-control sp...

Magnetic tunnel junctions sandwiching a superlattice thin film of iron oxide nanocrystals (NCs) have been investigated. The transport was found to be controlled by Coulomb blockade and single-electron tunneling, already at room temperature. A good correlation was identified to hold between the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR), the expected magnetic properties of the NC arrays, the charging energi...

The aim of this study was to verify the applicability of the Test of Moral Reasoning (TMR) in the selection of job applicants and to see how it correlated with education, intelligence, and the "big five" personality traits. The study included 210 participants (132 women and 78 men) who applied for various positions in the banking sector. Our findings have confirmed the applicability of TMR for ...

Soft errors induced by radiation, causing anomalies in satellite equipment and spacecrafts, have become one of the most challenging issues that impact the reliability of modern processors even in ground-level applications. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of using ARM Cortex-R4 CPU for space and avionics applications. We create a single-event upset and transient tolerant variant Cor...

Cyber-security has become an increasingly important issue in today’s integrated circuit designs. The use of commercial off-the-shelf products and design outsourcing have introduced uncertainty in the supply chain and posed security threats such as an inside attacks. This paper describes the implementation of an FPGA design based on soft-core processor, and how triple modular redundancy (TMR) is...

Forty-four merino lambs (6 to 8 wk old; BW 15.6 ± 0.21 kg) were used to study the effect of adding different proportions of sunflower soap stock (SS) to pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) for fattening lambs on feed intake, animal growth and dressing percentage, ruminal fluid characteristics, and blood acid-base parameters. Lambs were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups (11 lambs per group), ...

In a joint experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the bias-voltage dependence of the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) through a vacuum barrier. The TMR observed by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy between an amorphous magnetic tip and a Co(0001) sample is almost independent of the bias voltage at large tip-sample separations. Whereas qualitative understanding is achieved b...

We have investigated the effects of modification of the SrTiO3/Co interface as well as the SrTiO3 barrier on the tunnel magnetoresistance TMR of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/SrTiO3/Co junctions. Modification was realized by the introduction of one atomic layer of either TiO2 or SrO at the SrTiO3/Co interface. Barriers with different oxygen content were also studied. In these structures we have observed pos...

We employ the spin-torque response of magnetic tunnel junctions with ultrathin MgO tunnel barrier layers to investigate the relationship between spin transfer and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) under finite bias, and find that the spin torque per unit current exerted on the free layer decreases by < 10% over a bias range where the TMR decreases by > 40%. This is inconsistent with free-electron-...

MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions were fabricated, with a thin pinned CoFeB layer in the unbalanced synthetic antiferromagnet part of the stack FeMn/CoFe/Ru/CoFeB. Inverted and normal tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) values occur at low and high annealing temperatures (Ta), respectively. The TMR ratio remains inverted up to Ta = 300 °C and it becomes normal around Ta = 350 °C. The exchange b...