This paper deals with the use of two verification approaches : theorem proving and model checking. We focus on the event B method by using its associated theorem proving tool (Click n Prove), and on the language TLA+ by using its model checker TLC. By considering the limitation of the event B method to invariance properties, we propose to apply the language TLA+ to verify liveness properties on...

We investigate the use of Lamport's TLA as a convenient formalism for describing concurrent programs based on multiset rewriting. Such a stuttering invariant temporal logic is useful for guaranteeing extensionality of the semantics and for allowing composition. However, rewrites are more usually approached in an intensional way and we face some diiculties with our description. The problems conc...

BACKGROUND Simple, rapid, and affordable tests are needed to detect drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the accuracy of microscopic-observation drug susceptibility (MODS) and thin layer agar (TLA) assays for rapid screening of patients at risk of drug-resistant tuberculosis. METHODS In accordance with protocols and methods...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To estimate the current birth prevalence of isolated and syndromic Pierre Robin sequence (iPRS and sPRS), including demographic variations. To assess for regional variations in surgical airway interventions for PRS, and to determine the mean length of stay (LOS), cost of admission, complication rate, and rate of associated procedures related to tongue-lip adhesion (TLA), n...

People spend approximately one third of their life sleeping. Exposure to pollutants in the sleep environment often leads to a variety of adverse health effects, such as development and exacerbation of asthma. Avoiding exposure to these pollutants by providing a sufficient air quality in the sleep environment might be a feasible method to alleviate these health symptoms. We performed full-scale ...

The collaborative tagging system is an interaction between humans, terms and objects over time which results in a collectively organized knowledge. In this paper, based on the study of existing software systems, we present the specifications of the collaborative tagging system written in TLA+.

We used the specification language TLA+ to analyze the correctness of two cache-coherence protocols for shared-memory multiprocessors based on two generations (EV6 and EV7) of the Alpha processor. A memory model defines the relationship between the values written by one processor and the values read by another, and a cache-coherence protocol manipulates the caches to preserve this relationship....

Abstract Aim Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is considered the optimal approach for most lesions. Various subsets of minimally invasive are practiced in UK, including trans-abdominal (TLA), hand-assisted (HLA) and retroperitoneal (RLA) laparoscopic procedures. We aimed to examine relative operative outcomes between 3 techniques. Methods performed a retrospective observational review contemporaneousl...

BACKGROUND In low-income countries there is a great need for economical methods for testing the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antibiotics. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the thin-layer agar (TLA) for rapid detection of resistance to rifampicin (RMP), ofloxacin (OFX) and kanamycin (KM) in M. tuberculosis clinical isolates and to determine the sensitivity, specificity and time to posit...

This paper describes formal specification and verification of Lamport’s Multi-Paxos algorithm for distributed consensus. The specification is written in TLA+, Lamport’s Temporal Logic of Actions. The proof is written and checked using TLAPS, a proof system for TLA+. Building on Lamport, Merz, and Doligez’s specification and proof for Basic Paxos, we aim to facilitate the understanding of Multi-...