In this thesis, a new apertureless scanning near-field optical microscope (aSNOM) with the ability to resolve optical properties of surfaces with a lateral resolution better than 50 nm in a broadband infrared (IR) spectrum is described. The high resolution beyond the diffraction limit is achieved by using the sharp tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) to probe the local electromagnetic field...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proximity of the mandibular molar apex to the buccal bone surface in order to provide anatomic information for apical surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 127 mandibular first molars and 153 mandibular second molars were analyzed from 160 patients' records. The distance was measured from the bucc...

This review considers methods used to quantify lag screw placement within the femoral head following proximal femoral fracture. Implants used for fixation of femoral neck fractures can lead to unwanted outcomes in some patients. Cutting out of the screw within the femoral head has been shown to be the commonest cause of failure and is related to lag screw placement within the femur. Until now, ...

To evaluate a new technique of Dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation without using traction table. From july 2006 to july 2012, 328 patients undergoing DHS fixation using manual traction technique were evaluated in terms of Tip apex distance (TAD), -quality of fracture reduction, operation time, preoperative preparation time. In 97% cases good to moderate reduction could be achieved. The mean TAD wa...

Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) have found a wide application in nanotechnology. These microscopes use a metallic nanotip for image acquisition. Resolution of FIM and STM images depends largely on the radius of nanotip apex; the smaller the radius the higher the resolution. In this research, for tungsten nanotip fabrication, electrochemical etching of tungsten...

In this study, we propose an ultra-facile approach to prepare a platinum silicide nanoparticle-modified tip apex (PSM tip) used for scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). We combined a localized fluoride-assisted galvanic replacement reaction (LFAGRR) and atmospheric microwave annealing (AMA) to deposit a single platinum silicide nanoparticle with a diameter of 32 nm on the apex of a bare sil...

A technique for recording His bundle activity in man without fluoroscopic guidance is described. Balloon tipped triOr tetrapolar catheters were designed with pacing electrodes located at the catheter tip, and two fine sensing electrodes 4 and 5 cm behind it. The catheter tip was preformed into a "J" curve. Following percutaneous transfemoral insertion, the catheter is floated to the right ventr...