The first reported case of tickborne encephalitis (TBE) in Norway occurred in 1997. From 1997 to 2003, from zero to two cases of human TBE have been diagnosed per year in Norway, for a total of eight cases. Clinical TBE cases in dogs are not reported in Norway.

To the Editor: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by infection with vector-borne viruses classified in the family Flaviviridae. The disease is characterized by a biphasic course. In the first phase, fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, and arthralgia occur; in the second phase, neurologic signs develop, and the clinical spectrum ranges from mild meningitis to severe encephalitis, myelitis, a...

A 77-year-old Caucasian woman presented to our hospital with difficulty swallowing solid food and weight loss during the past 2 years. She did not drink alcohol or smoke. Her physical examination and her past medical history were unremarkable. Radiograph of the chest showed a right-sided aortic arch (Figure 1). A barium esophagogram was performed. A double indentation at the level of the aortic...

Background/Aims Patients with untreated achalasia frequently complain of heartburn and regurgitation. The diagnosis of achalasia might be delayed because these symptoms are misinterpreted as gastroesophageal reflux. We aim to evaluate the clinical, radiologic, and manometric findings in patient with untreated achalasia. Methods The records of patients diagnosed with primary achalasia between ...

Idiopathic achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder characterized by esophageal aperistalsis and abnormal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation in response to deglutition. It is a rare disease with an annual incidence of approximately 1/100,000 and a prevalence rate of 1/10,000. The disease can occur at any age, with a similar rate in men and women, but is usually diagnosed betwee...

PURPOSE Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a new efficacious treatment option for achalasia. We propose to define "esophageal remodeling" as the functional restoration of the esophagus that involves decreased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, recovery of esophageal body peristalsis, and reduction of luminal diameter. The aim of this study was to investigate "esophageal remodeling" af...

Introduction and aim. This study compared the efficacy of core stabilization (CSE) trunk balance exercises (TBE) with flexibility training on pain-related disability (PRD), psychological status (PS) fear avoidance belief (FAB) in patients non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). Material methods. Twenty-eight (28) participants diagnosed NSCLBP were randomly assigned into CSE, TBE, control g...

OBJECTIVES Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an emerging flaviviral zoonosis in Central and Eastern Europe. TBE can present as meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or meningoencephalomyelitis. Dysfunction of the autonomic (ANS) and peripheral motoric and sensory nervous system (PNS) might contribute to acute and long-term complications. We aimed to examine, whether the ANS and PNS are affected in ac...

UNLABELLED In a prospective study, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis at 6 wk and 1 yr after onset of disease. METHODS Patients with tick-borne encephalitis ([TBE] n = 73) and meningoencephalitis of other etiology ([non-TBE] n = 56) were investigated with rCBF-scintigraphy (SPECT). SPECT images in the acute phase of disease and at long...