Thyroid diseases are more prevalent in women, particularly between puberty and menopause. It is wellknown that estrogen (E) has indirect effects on the thyroid economy. Direct effects of this steroid hormone on thyroid cells have been described more recently; so, the aim of the present paper was to review the evidences of these effects on thyroid function and growth regulation, and its mechanis...

Background Vitiligo is an acquired hypopigmentary disorder. The prevalence of vitiligo is 0.1-2% worldwide. Numerous autoimmune diseases are associated with vitiligo, including autoimmune thyroid diseases. The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities is up to 34% in vitiligo patients depending on ethnicities. Objective This study aims to investigate thyroid abnormalities in Thai patients with viti...

With the increased pro-inflammatory response in both rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid autoimmune diseases, treatment with biological antirheumatic agents (BAAs) of the former may affect the course of the latter. In hepatitis C and cancer patients, treatment with biological agents substantially increases the risk of developing thyroid autoimmunity. As the use of BAAs in the treatment of rheumato...

The presence of the antibodies against the main thyroid antigens, which include thyroid peroxidase (TPO) or microsomal antigen, thyroglobulin (Tg) as well as thyrotropin receptor or Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSH-R), is a hallmark and symbol of the autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) as one of the most common autoimmune diseases (AD) around the world. The prevalence of the thyroid pe...

The burden of thyroid disease in the general population is enormous. Thyroid disorders are the most common among all the endocrine diseases in India. In studies from western literature as many as 50% of people in the community have microscopic nodules, 3.5% have occult papillary carcinoma, 15% have palpable goitres, 10% demonstrate an abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone level, and 5% of women ...

This study analyzes the prevalence of thyroid disease in healthcare workers who have worked at the University Hospital in Pisa. They underwent a health surveillance protocol from 2 January 2005 to 1 July 2009 with particular regard to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Data of health care workers were obtained by consulting Asped 2000: computerized medical records used by the Universi...

INTRODUCTION Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection is a serious health problem worldwide. Thyroid disturbances represent a major limitation to the efficacy of interferon treatment targeting chronic HDV (C-HDV) infection. Moreover, pre-treatment thyroid diseases may be influenced by interferon therapy. Despite this, the characteristic features of the thyroid diseases in C-HDV patients remain poo...

Objectives. Ideal thyroid surgery is still a debated issue due to preoperative pathology and varying rates of postoperative incidental carcinoma and complications. In our clinic loboisthmectomy and bilateral total thyroidectomy are the treatment of choice in benign nodular thyroid diseases. The objective of this study was to analyse effectiveness and safety of bilateral total thyroidectomy and ...

INTRODUCTION Autoimmune diseases are chronic conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. They constitute heterogeneous group of disorders, in which multiple alterations in the immune system result in a spectrum of syndromes that either target specific organs or affect the body systematically. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a possible shift of one aut...