A centralized multi-echelon, multi-product supply chain network is presented in a multi-period setting with products that show varying demand against price. An important consideration in such complex supply chains is to maintain system performance at high levels for varying demands that may be sensitive to product price. In order to examine the price-centric behavior of the customers, the conce...

In this paper, we study the impact of carbon tax on carbon emission and retail price in a two-echelon supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. Specifically, by adopting two types of contracts, i.e., the modified wholesale price (MW) and the modified cost-sharing contract (MS), supply chain coordination is achieved, which promotes the supply chain efficiency. Our study shows tha...

Supply chain is complex today. Multi-echelon, highly disjointed, and geographically spread are some of the cornerstones of today’s supply chain. All these together with different governmental policies and human behavior make it almost impossible to probe incidents and trace events in case of supply chain disruptions. In effect, an end-to-end supply chain, from the most basic raw material to the...

Generally, the inventory routing problem occurs in a supply chain where customers consider the supplier responsible for inventory replenishment. In this situation, the supplier finds the answer to questions regarding the time and quantity of delivery to the customer as well as the sequence of customers in the routes. Considering the effect of production decisions on answering these questions, t...

multi-echelon inventory systems are one of the most important and attractive areas in modelling supply chain management so that several researches and studies have been done about. in this paper, the total cost function of a two-echelon inventory system with central warehouse and many identical retailers controlled by continuous review inventory policy is estimated. we have assumed the demand i...

In this paper, a two-echelon supply chain, which includes two products based on the following considerations, has been studied and the bullwhip effect is quantified. Providing a measure for bullwhip effect that enables us to analyze and reduce this phenomenon in supply chains with two products is the basic purpose of this paper. Demand of products is presented by the first order vector autoregr...

The study aims to inquire about the relationship between green three-echelon supply chain systems and product line design with emergence of technologies. In this study, a unique social welfare vector is presented for use in gauging sustainability design, sustainable technique provided upstream suppliers adjust categories they offer. This representation one supplier, many producers, retailer. pr...

Nowadays, the citrus supply chain has been motivated by both industrial practitioners and researchers due to several real-world applications. This study considers a four-echelon citrus supply chain, consisting of gardeners, distribution centers, citrus storage, and fruit market. A Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model is formulated, which seeks to minimize the total cost and maximi...

There are many reasons for the growing interest in developing new product projects for any firm. The most embossed reason is surviving in a highly competitive industry which the customer tastes are changing rapidly. A well-managed supply chain network can provide the most profit for firms due to considering new product development. Along with profit, customer satisfaction and production of new ...