It is well established that metastasis through the circulatory system is primarily caused by circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In this preliminary effort, we report an approach to eliminate circulating tumor cells from the blood stream by flowing the blood though an extracorporeal tube and applying photodynamic therapy (PDT). Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a photosensitizer, was conjugated to CD44 antibody in...

Experimental heat flux measurements are made using both thermocouple and thin film gages in high-temperature, hypersonic flows. Thermocouple and thin film gages have individually been extensively used in relatively high and low enthalpy conditions respectively. In this study, three test conditions with varying (intermediate) stagnation enthalpies, Mach and Reynolds numbers are created in an exp...

Heat flux gauges at a flat plate are designed suited to measure the heat transfer in transition boundary layers. The measuring technique employed (cold thin films) is convenient for transient experimental facilities (such as a Ludwieg tube). The development of a well defined and optimized sensor design is discussed.

Cyclic voltammogram of ionic liquid and metallic-salts in ionic liquids were recorded. Cu/Sn/Zn stacked layers were electrodeposited and subsequently sulfurized in a tube furnace in elemental sulfur at 550oC. Thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ICP-MS, and SEM. The device was characterized by I-V, QE and Mott-Schottky (capacitance-voltage) plot.

This system consists of an air cooled low power x-ray tube (50W) with molybdenum anode and a thin (70μm) exit window. An optional beam filter can be inserted to reduce spectral background. The beam is focused onto the sample using a polycapillary x-ray optics, offering a focal spot of about 30μm FWHM. Characteristic X-rays from the sample are detected by means of a Si(Li) detector with ultra th...

The oscillations and wave propagation is studied in a cylindrical model of coronal loops that undergoes a longitudinal density stratification. Equations of motion are expressed by second order differential equations that are separable into radial and transverse components. The radial equation is solved in thin tube regime. The transverse equation is solved both by perturbation method, for small...

BACKGROUND Hollow earmolds have become a popular type of earmold used in thin-tube, microsize hearing aid fittings. It is desirable for clinicians to be familiar with their characteristics and limitations. PURPOSE This investigation compared the effects of vent diameter between a traditional solid earmold and a hollow earmold that is used in modern thin-tube hearing aid fittings. RESEARCH D...

Over the past 10 years, the supereleastic nickel-titanium alloy Nitinol has found widespread application in the manufacture of small-scale biomedical devices, such as self-expanding endovascular stents. Although conventional stress/strain-life (S/N) analyses are invariably used as the primary method for design against fatigue loading and for predicting safe lifetimes, fracture mechanics-based m...

There is a large body of information relating to the ontogeny, development and the vasculature of eudicotyledonous leaves. However, there is less information available concerning the vascular anatomy of monocotyledonous leaves. This is surprising, given that there are two uniquely different phloem systems present in large groups such as grasses and sedges. Monocotyledonous leaves contain margin...

BACKGROUND The medial wall of mammalian veins is generally thin and fragile compared with the thick muscle seen in arteries. This makes venous microanastomoses time consuming and challenging. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using the BioWeld(®) Tube in conjunction with a surgical glue (butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) in performing sutureless venous microanastomoses. ...