The structure and transport properties of pit membranes at the interface between the metaxylem and xylem parenchyma cells and the possible role of these pit membranes in solute transfer to the phloem were investigated. Electron microscopy revealed a fibrillar, almost tubular matrix within the pit membrane structure between the xylem vessels and xylem parenchyma of leaf blade bundles in rice (Or...

Thermal stress analysis of a thick-walled cylinder reinforced with functionally graded (FG) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is considered in radial direction. Thick-walled cylinder is subjected to a thermal field. Two layouts of variations in the volume fraction of SWCNTs were considered in the composite cylinder along the radius from inner to outer surface, where their names are increm...

The internal pressure of a thin-walled cylindrical structure under axial compression may improve the buckling stability by relieving loads and reducing initial imperfections. In this study, effect on knockdown factor is investigated for axially compressed composite cylinders with different shell thickness ratios slenderness ratios. Various are considered when derived both pressure. Nonlinear po...

A heuristic is proposed for a problem that occurs in the design of thick composite cylinders: the selection of the angles of wrap of all the layers forming a cylinder for given material properties and layer thicknesses. The heuristic consists of a local search algorithm that improves on a given initial design by modifying the angle of a single layer in each iteration. Each design is evaluated b...

This paper deals with introducing a unique representation of the three-dimensional Navier's equations motion in cylindrical coordinate system an exact simplified form without any approximation, aiming at facilitating solution procedure for different 3-D elasto-static and elasto-dynamic problems future. A novel elasticity including body forces is derived uncoupled terms longitudinal (axial) disp...