Cellular Automata (CA) models are among the most popular models for simulating land use change/growth in urban areas around the world and have experienced a significant development over the last twenty years. These models have their origins on the efforts of devising mathematical rules for biological systems and for evolution developed by mathematicians von Neumann and Stanislaw Ulam in the 194...

the aim of this research is to analyze the environmental principals which are used for land use planning of iranian communities in order to determine whether they are sufficient and efficient for conserving and improving the quality of urban environments or not. first, the environmental principals were extracted from municipal local plans (community plans) of the spatial planning systems of ira...

although england and the united states are both common law states and their legal systems follow the same rules, each has disregarded certain rules and changed them to suit specific circumstances. for instance, they have both disregarded the common law rule on the insertion of exemption conditions by carriers. regarding carrier’s liability towards passengers, the united states accepts the highe...

The United States may justifiably exclude unvaccinated aliens, perhaps even under the assumption of Open Borders, according to which people should generally be permitted to settle in countries of their choosing. Furthermore, there are good reasons to endorse the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) current vaccination-related exclusion criteria, which were last revised in 2009. ...