The reflectance of an absorbing substrate Rtheta(?) is considered as a function of the angle of incidence ? and an incident polarization parameter theta, where cos(2)theta and sin(2)theta give the power fractions of incident radiation that are p-and s-polarized, respectively. Taking GaAs as an example, we find that at certain wavelengths (e.g., 0.248 and 0.620 microm), the R(theta) vs ? curve b...

This study investigated behavioral, anatomical and electrophysiological effects produced by electrical stimulation of posterior hypothalamic (PH) or median raphe (MR) nuclei, independently and during combined stimulation of both PH and MR. These three stimulation conditions were applied during spontaneous behavior in an open field and during PH stimulation-induced wheel running, while simultane...

Hippocampal theta oscillations are linked to various processes, including locomotion, learning and memory, and defense and affect. The lateral septum (LS) has been implicated in the generation of the hippocampal theta rhythm, but its precise role in this process is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of direct pharmacological inhibition or disinhibition of the dorsal LS (dLS)...

Hippocampal theta rhythm arises from a combination of recently described intrinsic theta oscillators and inputs from multiple brain areas. Interneurons expressing the markers parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) are leading candidates to participate in intrinsic rhythm generation and principal cell (PC) coordination in distal CA1 and subiculum. We tested their involvement by optogenetically ...

A topographical relationship exists between the hippocampus-entorhinal cortex and the neocortex. However, it is not known how these anatomical connections are utilized during information exchange and behavior. We recorded theta oscillations along the entire extent of the septotemporal axis of the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. While the frequency of theta oscillation remained same along the e...

Inspired by a question of Lovász, we introduce a hierarchy of nested semidefinite relaxations of the convex hull of real solutions to an arbitrary polynomial ideal, called theta bodies of the ideal. For the stable set problem in a graph, the first theta body in this hierarchy is exactly Lovász’s theta body of the graph. We prove that theta bodies are, up to closure, a version of Lasserre’s rela...

The generation of EEG theta rhythms in the mammalian limbic cortex is a prime example of rhythmic activity that involves central mechanisms of oscillations and synchrony. In 1985 for the first time we demonstrated that bath perfusion of the hippocampal formation slices with cholinergic agonists resulted in theta-like oscillations. Since this initial demonstration of the in vitro theta activity,...

Inspired by a question of Lovász, we introduce a hierarchy of nested semidefinite relaxations of the convex hull of real solutions to an arbitrary polynomial ideal, called theta bodies of the ideal. For the stable set problem in a graph, the first theta body in this hierarchy is exactly Lovász’s theta body of the graph. We prove that theta bodies are, up to closure, a version of Lasserre’s rela...

Let $(X, \omega)$ be a compact Kahler manifold of complex dimension n and $\theta$ smooth closed real $(1,1)$-form on $X$ such that its cohomology class $\{ \theta \}\in H^{1,1}(X, \mathbb{R})$ is pseudoeffective. $\varphi$ $\theta$-psh function, let $f$ continuous function with bounded distributional laplacian respect to $\omega$ $\varphi \leq f. $ Then the non-pluripolar measure $\theta_\va...

In the paper‎, ‎some new existence theorems of maximal elements for‎ ‎$mathscr{F}_{C,theta}$-mappings and $mathscr{F}_{C,theta}$-majorized mappings are established‎. ‎As applications, ‎some new existence theorems of equilibrium points for‎ ‎one-person games‎, ‎qualitative games and generalized games are obtained‎. ‎Our results unify and generalize most known results‎ ‎in recent literature‎.