The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response to anthropogenic climate change is assessed in the following 18 nominal resolution Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations: twentieth-century ensemble, preindustrial control, twenty-first-century projections, and stabilized 2100–2300 ‘‘extension runs.’’ ENSO variability w...

Experiments were carried out to determine the role of nitric oxide in mediating autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory control in rat pups on postnatal days 1-2, 5-6, and 10-11. For an experiment, each pup received a subcutaneous injection of vehicle, NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME; 100 mg/kg), or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 mg/kg) before being placed in a metabol...

Seasonal variations of the seawater properties (e.g. temperature, salinity, density and chlorophyll-a) in western part of the southern coastal waters of the Caspian Sea near the Iranian coast were studied. A portable CTD probe was applied for profiling from sea surface to bottom at 23 stations. Maximum depth of the profiling stations was more than 470 m in the study area. Vertical structure of ...

The role of tropical Pacific ocean dynamics in regulating the ocean response to thermodynamic forcing is investigated using an ocean general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a model of the atmospheric mixed layer. It is found that the basin mean sea surface temperature (SST) change is less in the presence of varying ocean heat transport than would be the case if the forcing was everywhere bal...

Distributions of temperature (T ) and salinity (S) and their relationship in the oceans are the result of a balance between T–S variability generated at the surface by air–sea fluxes and its removal by molecular dissipation. In this paper the role of different motions in setting the cascade of T–S variance to dissipation scales is quantified using data from the North Atlantic Tracer Release Exp...

The Eastern North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) is a water mass of low potential vorticity (PV) and appears as a weak pycnostad or thermostad. Distinct from other subtropical mode waters, it forms in the absence of a deep winter mixed layer. The formation mechanism of this ESTMW is investigated using an ocean general circulation model that is forced by monthly climatological temperatur...

Rat pups are capable of behavioral thermoregulation, both in the nest and on a thermocline, as early as the 1st week of postnatal life, and these pups can also produce heat metabolically without shivering. The rat pup's primary source of nonshivering thermogenesis is the sympathetically mediated metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT is well formed in newborns and functions shortly after...

[1] This study shows that the surface buoyancy conditions in the Northern Hemisphere may influence the stratification and transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). We use a course-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) in an idealized single-basin configuration with a circumpolar channel. A decrease in the magnitude of the surface temperature meridional gradient in the No...

oxygen minimum zone dynamic coastal and shelf fronts thermocline tidal mixing runoff high energy turbidity daily–seasonal fluctuations in temperature & salinity ± high productivity halocline shelf break