An important component of recent pragmatic theorising is the view that the linguistically encoded meaning of an utterance often falls far short of determining the proposition that a speaker explicitly communicates and that the gap between the two is bridged by highly context-sensitive pragmatic processes. Crucially, processes of ‘free pragmatic enrichment’, that is, processes that are not dicta...

We discuss a robust alternative to the ex-post decomposition of a portfolio into the fundamental law co-efficients using statistically estimated breadth. The breadth of a market provides a measure of the number of independent bets available to the investor. We use the Keiser-Gutman stopping criterion to select the integer valued effective dimension eigenvalues greater-than or equal to 1. Such a...

It is shown that in a generic two-jurisdiction model of the type introduced by Caplin and Nalebuff (1997), the number of sorting equilibria (with jurisdictions providing distinct policies) is finite and even.

In addition to the famous sign described by Joseph Babinski, which is also known as Babinski's reflex, there are references in the literature to various other signs described by this famous disciple of J-M Charcot. This article reviews all the neurological signs described by Babinski.

In a recent paper in Current Biology, Fennessy and colleagues [1] conclude that there are four species of giraffe and that their numbers are declining in Africa. Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) are presently classified as one species, with nine subspecies, which are considered 'Vulnerable' on the IUCN Red List [2]. The present consensus of one species divided into nine subspecies has previous...

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are among the most evolutionarily ancient classes of small RNA. Two experimental screens published in BMC Genomics expand the eukaryotic snoRNA catalog, but many more snoRNAs remain to be found.

" Memory is made up of a number of interrelated systems, organized structures of operating components consisting of neural substrates and their behavioral and cognitive correlates. A ternary classificatory scheme of memory is proposed in which procedural, semantic, and episodic memory constitute a "monohierarchical" arrangement: Episodic memory is a specialized subsystem of semantic memory, and...

A set of m positive integers is called a Diophantine m-tuple if the product of its any two distinct elements increased by 1 is a perfect square. Diophantus found a set of four positive rationals with the above property. The first Diophantine quadruple was found by Fermat (the set {1, 3, 8, 120}). Baker and Davenport proved that this particular quadruple cannot be extended to a Diophantine quint...

This paper proves the existence of infinitely many Perrin pseudoprimes, as conjectured by Adams and Shanks in 1982. The theorem proven covers a general class of pseudoprimes based on recurrence sequences. The result uses ingredients of the proof of the infinitude of Carmichael numbers, along with zero-density estimates for Hecke L-functions.

As of 2000, more than 39% of same-sex couples in the United States aged 22-55 reported to the Census that they are raising children. They are raising more than 250,000 children under age 18. And that is just the small fraction counted by the census (which left out all children living with a single lesbian or gay parent, everybody with a bisexual or transgender parent, and the probably huge numb...