The rule of law entails government accountability, equal access to justice and the political process, efficient judicial and political systems, clear laws, generally stable laws, and the protection of fundamental human rights. This paper explores whether Islamic law conforms to these principles in theory and in practice. Three conclusions are reached. First, various early Islamic institutions w...

Implementation of marine ecosystem-based management requires improved understanding of existing governance, including gaps and overlaps resulting from fragmented management. Focusing on overlaps, this paper presents a technique using text analysis to assist in the identification of agencies and laws involved in overlaps from a system perspective. The overlaps analysis uses term frequency counts...

While normal distributions and related current quantitative methods are still relevant for some organizational research, the growing ubiquity of power laws signifies that Pareto rank/frequency distributions, fractals, and underlying scale-free theories are increasingly pervasive and valid characterizations of organizational dynamics. Where true, researchers ignoring power law effects risk drawi...

OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the legal and ethical implications of workplace health risk reduction programs (HRRPs) using health risk assessments, individually focused risk reduction, and financial incentives to promote compliance. METHODS We conducted a literature review, analyzed relevant statutes and regulations, and considered the effects of these programs on employee health privacy. ...

Waves generated by aerial and subaerial landslides are studied experimentally, theoretically and numerically. A set of experiments are done in a wave tank of 18 m long, 0.65 m wide and 1.5 m deep. Numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experiments. Based on numerical and experimental results, we derive different scaling laws which show a good agreement with the experiments and the...

47 Introduction This paper is one of the four interrelated action agenda papers resulting from the National Summit on Public Health Legal Preparedness (Summit) convened in June 2007 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and multi-disciplinary partners. Each of the action agenda papers deals with one of the four core elements of legal preparedness: laws and legal authorities; compete...

Over the last decades, spatial-interaction models have been increasingly used in economics. However, the development of a sufficiently general asymptotic theory for nonlinear spatial models has been hampered by a lack of relevant central limit theorems (CLTs), uniform laws of large numbers (ULLNs) and pointwise laws of large numbers (LLNs). These limit theorems form the essential building block...

Several cellular automata (CA) models have been developed to simulate self-organization of multiple levels of structures. However, they do not obey microscopic reversibility and conservation laws. In this paper, we describe the construction of a reversible lattice molecular automata (RLMA) model, which simulates molecular interaction and selforganization of higher-order structures. The model’s ...

Human behavior is normally very hard to describe, as the relevant variables are difficult to identify, to quantify, and to measure. However, scientists have recently discovered several natural constants and laws in pedestrian crowds and vehicle traffic, starting from propagation velocities of traffic jams and Mexican waves, over human trail formation, scaling laws in traveller behavior, interac...

naturalization is one of the ways for attracting eligible and qualified persons in the way of economic and social development. legal provisions or laws related to naturalization can play a significant role in this process. conditions for naturalization in those laws shall led to attraction of eligible and interested persons. furthermore, those who have acquired such nationality shall have such ...