In this paper we remedy one of the most annoying weaknesses of Lucid and indexical languages in general: the lack of higher-order functions. We describe a simple generalization of the “place-code” approach (as discovered by Ostrum and formalized by Yaghi) which handles programs with functions of arbitrarily high orders; in other words, typed Iswim. A source program P with function definitions (...

methodology of islamic principles (‘ilm al-uṣūl) is a dignified science serving to understand religious texts; on the other hand, however, this science is indebted to holy qur’ān for its credibility and authority. the qur’ānic verses play a special role in validating and authorizing this science. this role is to be viewed in terms of foundation-laying, as āyāt al-uṣūl (verses of principles) are...

Lucid is both a programming language and a formal system for proving properties of Lucid programs. The programming language is unconventional in many ways, although programs are readily understood as using assignment statements and loops in a “structured” fashion. Semantically, an assignment statement is really an equation between “histories”, and a whole program is simply an unordered set of s...

Abū Isḥāq Tha‘labī Nayshābūrī is an outstanding Iranian exegete of the fourth and fifth centuries LH. Tha‘labī has been so skillful in various Islamic sciences such as Arabic linguistics (including morphology, syntax (grammatical inflection), vocabulary, and rhetoric), Ḥadīth, exegesis, and qur’ānic sciences that numerous students from many near and far places attended his classes. Tha‘labī’s c...

We present the development of the Lucid language from the Original Lucid of the mid1970s to the TransLucid of today. Each successive version of the language has been a generalisation of previous languages, but with a further understanding of the problems at hand. The Original Lucid (1976), originally designed for purposes of formal verification, was used to formalise the iteration in while-loop...

In this paper, we give an overview of our current work on introducing context as first-class objects in Lucid. The use of contexts as first class values increases the expressive power of Lucx (Lucid enriched with context). It allows us to write programs in Lucx in a high level of abstraction which is closer to the problem domain. We include a discussion on context theory, representation of cont...

Mixed reality (MR) research aims to develop technologies that inputting or mixing the real world objects into computer generated three dimensional (3D) virtual space. The mixed reality, including augmented reality (AR) and augmented virtuality (AV), produces an environment in which the real objects are superimposed on user’s view of the virtual environment or the virtual objects are superimpose...