the second half of the third hijri century, coinciding with the reign of three caliphs, al-mu’tamid (256-79 ah), al-mu’tadhid (279-89 ah), and al-muktafi (289-95 ah), abbasids restored their authority and renewed their organization. this reform process which was began by abu ahmad al-muwaffaq (d. 278 ah) and reached its climax at the time of abu al-abbas al-mu’tadhid stood between two decline p...

gilooyeh clan or rouzbeh family was one of the most famous and effective iranian clans of fars during the first three centuries sassanids who was gradually successful to penetrate in abbasid caliphate and to show their important roles in social- political events, in addition to their periodic battles with aggressive and dominant arabs. gilooyeh himself who was the most famous and prominent memb...

Türkiye’de imparatorluktan ulus-devlete geçiş sürecinin önemli iki gelişmesi; 1 Kasım 1922 tarihinde saltanatın ve 3 Mart 1924’te hilafetin kaldırılması, tüm dünyada olduğu gibi İspanya basınının da ilgisini çekmiştir. Gazeteler, bu kurumların tarihsel arka planını vermiş, kaldırılmasıyla kazandığı yeni konumu betimlemeye çalışmıştır. Egemenliğin TBMM tarafından kullanıldığı, dini gücün ise yin...

the phenomenon of conversion to islam in the territories conquered by the muslim arabs, is one of the ambiguous and controversial topics in the studies of islamic history. major part of the social transformation of copts in islamic egypt returns to their conversion from christianity to islam. gradual changing of the majority to a minority group under muslim rule was a complex process, because m...

From several Qur’anic verses concerning the caliph, Surah An Nur Verse 55 is believed by every Ahmadiyya Congregation as basis for ratifying concept of an Islamic caliphate. This qualitative field research aims to describe reception in Kudus Caliph’s Verse, including factors behind and form they carried out. Data collection was out district means observation, interviews documentation. In data a...

al-mansour mohammad ibn-e abi amer was the mighty chamberlain of hisham (moayyad), the omavite caliph of andalusia (caliphate 366-399). his period is simultaneous with the beginning of the moslems' military weakness and the anarchic circumstances in the rule of moslems over andalusia, as the christians dared to transgress the borderlines of, andalusia, and plunder and kill people there. al...