Laboratory methods and questionnaires to assess the relative reinforcing value of food (RRV-F) have been developed, but this is the first study to validate an online questionnaire measure of the RRV-F. Participants (281 college students) completed an online survey assessing demographic variables, food preferences, and the RRV-F. A subsample (n=21) also completed a laboratory food choice session...

Ivan Havel remembers when in the late 1970s the Czechoslovakian state police began watching his apartment. For months he had been hosting unofficial science seminars, and the police didn't like it. "It politicized me, says the soft-spoken computer scientist and brother of Czechoslovakian president Vaclav Havel. "The police would check the people who came and ask them to identify 'themselves. Th...

Water quantity and quality joint operation is a new mode in the present dams' operation research. It has become a hot topic in governmental efforts toward integrated basin improvement. This paper coupled a water quantity and quality joint operation model (QCmode) and genetic algorithm with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Together, these tools were used to explore a reasonable operation o...

fractionation studies on the sediment samples provide valuable information on the nature of the metals bound to the sediments. thirty three sediment samples of river adyar were collected during two seasons and speciation study was carried out. the industrial and domestic effluents are directed into the river course at many points in the middle and lower of the adyar river. to ascertain the exte...

Background: According to Hindu mythology, Yamuna River plays an impotent role as a holy water resource in Delhi, India. The lead and chromium concentrations were determined from the water samples collected from five different locations around this river in Delhi area. The contaminated water from this river is mostly used for drinking, agriculture, aquaculture, and storage as a holy water. Meth...

Several types of sediment transport equations have been developed for estimation of the river sediment materials during the past decades. The estimated sediment from these equations is very different, especially when they applied for a specific river. Therefore, choice of an equation for estimation of the river sediment load is not an easy task. In this study 10 important sediment transport equ...

river bank erosion can result in considerable riparian land loss and the delivery of large volumes of sediment to reaches downstream. consequently, the ability to predict the stability and failure geometry of eroding river banks is an important prerequisite for es-timating the rate of bank erosion and sediment yield associated with bank erosion. in this paper a new model capable of analyzing th...

 The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg were determined in gill, liver and muscle of Barbus xanthopterus in down streams of Karoon and Dez Rivers during summer 2009. Heavy metal concentrations varied significantly, depending on the types of the tissue in fish species. The levels of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg in the Barbus xanthopterus of Karoon River were higher than in Barbus xant...